The cloister, situated on the north side of the church, consists of four galleries with square pillars at each of the four corners and one in the center of each gallery. There are 76 capitals resting on either single or double pillars. The capitals and square pillars seem to be original, but during the time of Abbot Bertrand de Montaigu (1260-1293) the cloister arcade was rebuilt. The capitals, therefore, may not be in their original positions.

The decoration of the capitals consists of narrative or non-narrative motifs. The narrative capitals include biblical stories and martyrdoms of saints, and possibly an Ascension of Alexander the Great. The non-narrative capitals display decorative birds, beasts, and foliage; some of these are Romanesque in style and some are Mozarabic in style. The mixture of influence is probably due to Moissac's important location on the pilgrimage route to and from Spain.