13) Thursday, March 1. The Crisis of Protestantism

Story Line: The arrival of millions of Catholic and Jewish immigrants led to a reweaving of the social fabric and a transformation of Protestantism. The national religion's hegemony collapsed as Catholics and Jews made themselves heard and freed the idea of tolerance from its Protestant straitjacket. Review Questions for Discussion VII   [Lecture 12] Outline [Lecture 14]	Readings for lecture 13 1928 election: Document Number: DJ2104240085 fundamentalism: Document Number: DJ2306200081 The Social Creed of the Churches, 1908 The Knights of the KKK Towards the Jews and Towards the Roman Catholic Hierarchy, 1923 Al Smith, Address at Philadelphia, 1928 Exchange between Charles C. Marshall and Al Smith, "Catholic and Patriot," 1927
Images for lecture 13: The Irrepressible Al Smith, Governor of New York The Democratic Candidate of 1928 and His National Chairman, John J Raskob "Cabinet Meeting-If Al Were President" "Rome Never Changes" Hoover, Campaigning, and Mass Communication Al Smith with Governor Roosevelt in Albany, New York

I-The Collapse of the National Religion

1) Protestantism

1893 religious census by Henry K.. Carroll

2) The Social Gospel

• 1908, Social Creed of Methodism (Walter Rauschenbusch, a Baptist; Richard Ely)

II. Conservative reaction

1) The Second Klan

• The Searchlight, The Fiery Cross
• Charles Bowles in Detroit, Imperial Wizard Hiram Evans in Indiana
• D. W. Griffith, The Birth of a Nation, 1915
• Thomas Dixon Jr, The Clansman, 1905

2) Anti-immigrant feelings

• Nicola Sacco, Bartolomeo Vanzetti

3) Prohibition

• Al Capone, F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.

4) Creationism against Darwinism

• John T. Scopes, William Jennings Bryan, Clarence Darrow, H. L. Mencken

5) Denouncing Relaxed Mores

• Teapot Dome, Nan Britton

III- The 1928 Election: The political expression of religious conflicts

1) An American way of believing in God

• William James, Gnosticism, H. Richard Niebuhr.

2) Herbert Hoover and Al Smith

• John Raskob

3) Blacks and the church

Conclusion: secularization

• Max Weber, Walter Lippmann

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