This is an alphabetical list of all the annotated images.

This text can be searched by using LSearch. Enter a keyword IN ALL LOWER CASE in the box below and press SUBMIT. The list of HTM pages will be those containing the keyword. Click on them to see the full text and image.

All these pictures were collected from the following oblasti, raiony, towns, or villages:

 baryshivs'kyi, bilotserkivs'kyi, bohodukhivka, boryspil, brovarivs'kyi, burimka, cherkas'ka, cherkas'kyi, cherkasy, chernihivs'ka, chornobais'kyi, chyhyryn, chyhyryns'kyi, den'hy, dobranychivka, domantovo, drabivs'kyi, horodyshchens'kyi, hrebel'ky, hrechkivka, iabluniv, iablunivka, iahotnys'kyi, iahotyn, iavorivka, kaniv, kanivs'kyi, kharkiv, kharkivs'ka, kharkivs'kyi, khutir, kolesnyki, korolivka, krasnokhyzhyntsi, kropyvne, krut'ky, kyiiv, kyiivs'ka, kyivs'ka, kyivs'kyi, kyiivs'kyi, kyiv, lozivok, lubens'kyi, l'viv, l'vivs'ka, l'vivs'kyi, lytviaky, makarivs'kyi, melnyky, mliiiv, mryn, nizhen, nizhens'kyi, nosivs'kyi, pereiaslav, khmel'nyts'kyi, pereiaslavs'kyi, ploske, pluzhnyky, poltavs'ka, selychivky, shpolians'kyi, smilians'kyi, svidyvok, svitylne, topyl'ne, uzviz, velika burimka, velykyi khutir, vovchyk, zolotonis'kyi.

The text can also be searched by place (you can highlight the word, copy and paste into the box below) BUT THE SEARCH ENGINE IGNORES ' SO krut'ky WILL RESULT IN HITS FOR krut and ky (LOTS!!). To search for krut'ky just enter krut.

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Liubov' Lutchenko, an informant who provided basic life cycle information and some interesting information about courtship rituals and testing for virginity. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Bohodukhivka. Boho0052

Liubov' Lutchenko and her family Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Bohodukhivka. Boho0058

Boryspil road outside of Kyiv. Villagers selling produce by the roadside. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Boryspil. Bory0539

A rynok or outdoor market. Villagers typically bring their produce to sell at these city markets. The rynok is a modern day equivalent of the fair where people buy clothing, household goods, and toys, mostly imported from the Middle East. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0050

World War II memorial statue on a mount overlooking the Dnipro river, or, more accurately, the artificial lake created by the Kremenchuk dam. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0051

An old unquiet dead towel from the Cherkas'ka oblast collected by Halyna Vasylivna Kapas. Date of manufacture of the towel is probably at some point during the second World War. The craftswoman of the towel is unknown, although according to the inscription on the towel, it was the sister of the deceased. Such towels are made for those who died violently and before their time, especially those who died unwed, such as soldiers. They were supposed to give such people peace and let their souls rest after death. The towels were not for display. They were made and then stored. Their purpose was not decoration, but the peace of the deceased. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast'. Cher010214160050

A wedding towel, probably from the 1950s. The craftswoman who made the towel is not known. It was collected in the Cherkas'ka oblast by Halyna Vasylivna Kapas. This was probably the towel on which the couple stood to take their vows and it was probably made by the bride. The towel has a tree of life in the center, wedding wreaths on the side, and a row of roses for beauty and fertility below. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast'. Cher010214160629

A rynok or outdoor market. Villagers bring their produce to sell in the city markets. They also buy manufactured goods which are not available in villages. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0125

City of Cherkasy. A wedding salon which sells dresses, rushnyky (ritual towels), icons, and veils. Pictured here is a clerk with a selection of dresses. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0153

City of Cherkasy. A wedding salon. The dress in the window, perhaps their best item? Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0154

City of Cherkasy. A wedding salon. The owner tells about the selection Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0155

City of Cherkasy. A wedding salon. Another group of dresses for sale. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0156

City of Cherkasy. The ZAGS or wedding palace, which was the only place to get married during the Soviet era. It is still the place for civil weddings today. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0157

City of Cherkasy. A funeral parlor and their selection of coffins. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0158

City of Cherkasy. A funeral parlor and their selection of funerary flowers: these are artificial and made of paper. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0159

City of Cherkasy. A funeral parlor and another selection of funerary flowers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0160

City of Cherkasy. A funeral parlor and another selection of coffins. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0161

Home of Halyna Kornienko, a folklorist. Pictured are her two daughters and the driver, Andrii. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0221

In the home of Halyna Kornienko. Pictured are Halyna and her husband Mykola, two folklorists. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0222

In the home of Halyna Kornienko. Pictured are Halyna, her husband Mykola, and Natalie Kononenko. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0223

The museum in Chyhyryn. The photo shows the blanks that would have been used by a master to make a bandura. The bandura is considered to be the national instrument of Ukraine: it is an asymmetrical lute that is plucked and strummed. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Chyhyryn. Chyh0042

The museum in Chyhyryn. The photo shows a funeral rushnyk or ritual towel of the type used for soldiers killed in battle. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Chyhyryn. Chyh0043

The museum in Chyhyryn. Iakiv Briukhovets'kyi, master potter, at his kiln. He has a workshop next to the museum. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Chyhyryn. Chyh0044

The statue of Bohdan Khmel'nyts'kyi on top of the hill where his fortress once stood. The fortress itself dates back long before Khmel'nyts'kyi. Pieces of the stone work are still visible but no restoration is being done on it at the moment. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Chyhyryn. Chyh0045

Mariia Petrova, an informant who provided a limited amount of life cycle information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Den'hy. Den0098

Anastiia Savchenko, an informant who provided a limited amount of life cycle information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Den'hy. Den0099

Ol'ha Hirka, an informant who provided more detailed life cycle information. She also officiates in life cycle rituals: she is invited to all of the funerals in the village and has her own Psalter. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Den'hy. Den0100

In the home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. This is the summer house which is separate from the main khata and will be used primarily by the grandparents, namely Ol'ha Mykhailivna and her husband. The house has many interesting traditional features: dirt floor covered with fragrant grasses, a large bench next to the stove for sleeping. This is also the area where Ol'ha Mykhailivna places her grandchildren whom she watches all day while her daughter-in-law works at the store, one of the few salaried jobs in the village. Also note the rug on the wall and the benches. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010219153031

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. This is Ol'ha Mykhailivna and her grandson. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220131342

The two grandchildren of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. As there are no diapers, the boy runs around without pants almost all of the time and pees wherever. He is encouraged to use the potty which stands in the main house near the crib where he sleeps, but seldom does so. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220133456

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. This is the entryway to the podval, used for cold storage. Root crops such as carrots, beets, and potatoes are kept there, as well as cabbage and canned goods. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220134030

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. A traditional plaited fence made by Ol'ha Mykhailivna's husband. The area is marshy and reeds are used for fences such as this one. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220134538

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. Ol'ha Mykhailivna on a swing set up for the grandchildren. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220135032

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. One of her sons keeps bees, and this is a picture of the hives. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220135438

Baptism -- the two sets of godparents are holding the child about to be baptized. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0493

Baptism - the 2 sets of godparents are holding the child about to be baptized Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0494

Baptism - during the baptismal ceremony. The two sets of god parents hold the child. Parents are not allowed to be present at the baptism of their children. The woman to the right is a member of the pevcha or choir. The pevcha sings during all major rituals, such as baptisms, funerals, weddings. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0495

Baptism - during the baptismal ceremony Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0496

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest anoints the child Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0497

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest anoints the child's feet Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0498

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest holds the Bible before the godparents and they kiss it; the woman to the right is a member of the choir or pevcha Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0499

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest takes the child from the godparents to dip her feet in holy water. The pink cloth in the hands of one of the godmothers is the kryzhma. It is a ritual gift which the godmother presents to the child at baptism. The kryzhma should never be used for anything except items for the child, be they clothing or diapers. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0500

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest dips the child's feet in holy water Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0501

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest reads from the Bible while one of the godmothers holds the child wrapped in a kryzhma, the special baptismal cloth that the godmother is supposed to provide. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0502

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest reads from the Bible while one of the godmothers holds the child wrapped in a kryzhma, the special baptismal cloth that the godmother is supposed to provide. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0503

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony. The priest gives the child a drop of holy water on her lips. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0504

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest cuts the child's hair in the shape of a cross. Normally, this is done when the child is one year old. However, with the Soviet era, people stopped baptising children shorlty after their birth. Sometimes children were not baptized until they were as old as 6. Basically, parents and/or god parents waited for an opportune moment and opportune moments during the Soviet period were hard to find. Even now, many children are not baptized until they are somewhat older. When that happens, the cutting of the hair is done during baptism, as here. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0505

Baptism - the ceremony concludes Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0541

Baptism - the ceremony concludes. Everyone congratulates the newly baptised child and her godparents. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0542

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A swarm of bees in a tree. The family keeps bees as an additional source of income. The swarm is barely visible in the center of the photograph. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0543

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her husband, Vasyl' Hryhorovych, getting ready to catch a swarm of bees. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0544

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her husband, Vasyl' Hryhorovych, catching a swarm of bees. The swarm itself is about 2/3 of the way down the photograph. The beekeeper is holding a hive in his hands. He will place the hive under the swarm and tap the branch on which the swarm sits to get it into the hive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0545

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her husband, Vasyl' Hryhorovych, catching a swarm of bees. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0546

Outside the home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Children at play. This the local version of hopscotch. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0547

Fields outside the village of Dobranichivka. Those fields which were left fallow after the collapse of the collective farms are gradually being appropriated by villagers for private use. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0548

General village view of the village of Dobranichivka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0549

A farmer in fields outside the village of Dobranichivka. Fields that had been farmed while the collective farm system existed have been left fallow after the collapse of the Soviet Union. More and more portions of these are being taken for private use. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0550

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. View of the yard in back of the house and the various buildings used for storage, to house rabbits and other small animals used for food. The well is the only source of water. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0551

Village women on the road to Pluzhnyky, the neighboring village, to attend a funeral. The women pictured are members of the pevcha, or church choir. The bag contains copies of the books from which they will read the songs that they need to sing as part of the service. It also contains candy to give away to people attending the funeral. When a person accepts candy, he or she is supposed to utter good wishes for the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0552

On the road to Pluzhnyky. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0553

Fields outside the village. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0554

A truck parked outside a home in which a funeral is being celebrated. The coffin will be placed on top of the truck bed, which is covered with straw. The family will sit next to the coffin to accompany it to the graveyard. The deceased was in his fifties, unmarried, and tended toward excessive drink. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0673

A group of people waiting outside the home while a funeral service is conducted inside. Note the clothing and house type. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0674

A group of people waiting outside a home while a funeral service is conducted inside. Note the number of men waiting outside. Men avoided being present at funeral services, especially those conducted inside the home. They seemed to be present only if they were very close relatives and it was expected that they would kiss the deceased goodbye at the end of the service. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0675

A stork's nest on top of a pole with a haystack and fence. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0676

The baptism of Svitlana. Her godfather holds her in the outer room of the church as everyone prepares for the service. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0699

The baptism of Svitlana. She is with both sets of godparents inside the church proper. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0700

At the home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets', born in 1941; beekeeping. The men of the household are the ones who take care of the bees. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0701

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets', born in 1941; picture of her son doing some of the family beekeeping. He is holding one of the frames from the hive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0702

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born in 1941. These are pens for keeping rabbits, a major source of meat. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0703

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. A place for storing corn. This is the kind of corn used for hog feed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0704

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. This shows the feed trough inside the barn, with chickens. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0705

Home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. The inside of one of the rabbit pens -- a mother with her babies. The ball of fluff to the right is a nest. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0706

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her son doing some of the family beekeeping. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0753

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Another view of beekeeping, showing the hives and one of the frames from the hive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0754

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. These are pens for keepng rabbits, a major meat source, and a wheelbarrow. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0755

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A shed with stored corn of the variety used for hog feed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0756

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941.A view of the interior of the barn, showing chickens and a feed trough. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0757

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A view of the interior of one of the rabbit pens showing a mother with babies. The ball of fluff on the right is a nest. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0758

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A view of the house exterior with the entrance to the underground storage area or podval. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0759

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. The master of the house is seated next to the fence. Note the decorative detail on the fence: the various sections are different colors. Also, the metal is cut in fancy shapes and each section is a different shape. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0760

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941 and some of the other women of the pevcha. They are Puz', Halyna Kornievna, DOB 1937, and Zavalii, Tetiana Mykolaiivna, DOB 1934. They did a lot of wedding material and sang courtship and other lyric songs. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0761

A view of another house in the area showing house construction, fencing, and clothing. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0762

A view of the area including the village and nearby fields which are used for pasture. Some fields were not intended for use as pasture lands and lie fallow because the collective farms have collapsed and alternate means of organizing and dealing with large fields have not always appeared or have not taken over all of the land. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0763

Another view of the area showing the layout of the village. This is called a ribbon village type. Also note the distance between the village and the road. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0764

Another view of the area. Note how this area still has some rolling hills. Not far from here to the south and east, the steppe begins and the land is completely flat. It has now been broken up by rows of tress, but previously it was miles and miles of fields. There are kurgans or Scythian burial mounds in the area. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0765

Liubov Naida and Halyna Kapas', two amateur ethnographers. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0766

A view of the interior of the church in Dobranichivka. It was started up only two years ago and is located in what used to be one of the schools. A great deal of effort has gone into setting this up. The women have donated rushnyky. The one on the left is a good example of the tree of life motif. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0767

Another view of the church interior. In addition to rushnyky, local residents have donated icons. The priest made the make-shift iconostasis. The icons of archangels Michael and Gabriel on either side were painted on commission. As in all village churches, there is a profusion of eclectic decoration. Note the bouquets of paper flowers on the table before the iconostasis. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0768

Another view of the church interior. The service here is the Ascension of Christ. Note the material culture items as well. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0769

Another view of the front of the church. The priest is at the altar. Note the material culture items as well. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0770

A view of the stand in the room that is at the back of the church. It sells candles that can be offered during the service as well as various other items. For instance, booklets in which you write the names of dead people for whom you want prayers offered or live people who are ill and for whose health you want prayers said. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0771

A rushnyk hung inside the church with the Lord's Prayer embroidered on it. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0772

Another rushnyk hung inside the church. The image is called an eagle, though it looks more like a parrot. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0773

The priest, the pevcha, and the church attendant in front of the iconostasis. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0774

A view of the priest, pevcha, and the church attendant in front of the iconostasis. Most village priests are young. This one is very entrepreneurial and eager to improve his own lot. He would like to go to America or back to the area outside Ternopil in western Ukraine, where he grew up. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0780

A view of the priest, pevcha, and the church attendant in front of the iconostasis. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0781

A view of the countryside around Dobranichivka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0782

A view of cows being driven home on the road between Dobranichivka and Iavorivka for their mid-day milking. Also note the color and extent of ornamentation of the fences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0783

Marfa Khnukalo, an informant who provided limited life cycle information, and who is the grandmother of Serhyi Mykolaevych Kuveiko, the local surveyor who showed the folklorist around the area and introduced her to numerous people. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0101

Paper flowers made by Odarka Panchenko. These are used as the bouquet carried by the svitilka (groom's female attendant, literally, bearer of the light) in the wedding, or can be placed in front of icons. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0102

Odarka Panchenko, a folk artist who makes paper flowers which she sells in Cherkasy, Kyiv, etc. She is also and excellent informant about the life cycle, particularly courtship and the institution of the pokrytka (the girl who bears a child out of wedlock--a special ceremony is conducted to mark her as a woman which involves covering the head, analogous to what is done in the marriage ceremony). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0103

Photo of Olia Mykolaivna Kuveiko, DOB 1957, at age 3. The photo was collected from her. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma010323103207

Odarka Panchenko, a folk artist who makes paper flowers which she sells in Cherkasy, Kyiv, etc. These are used in weddings, as for the headdress of the bride and the groom's lapel, as well as the bouquet carried by the svitilka (groom's female attendant). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0104

A bridal wreath made by Odarka Panchenko Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0105

Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. Natalie Kononenko interviewed her in 1998 and had to cut the interview short. At that time she gave courtship information, and the folklorist wanted to do a follow-up at a later date. However, Panchenko had aged tremendously in the last two years and her hearing problems made a follow-up visit very difficult. Kononenko ended up getting only bits and pieces of information: mostly about material culture. Note the icon corner. In this slide Panchenko is showing the contents of her bundle. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0509

Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. She is showing the contents of her funeral bundle. Here we see her dress. The paper flowers on her right were made by her. This is what she used to do for money as recently as two years ago. She made and sold paper flowers for weddings (for the bride's wreath, the flowers sewn onto the groom's and bestman's lapels, and the bouquet held by the svitilka). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0510

Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. She is showing the contents of her funeral bundle. Here we see the skirt which will be worn over the dress. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0511

Home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905: the contents of her funeral bundle. Halyna Kapas' shows the apron that Odarka Panchenko will wear over her funeral dress and skirt. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0512

Home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. She is showing the contents of her funeral bundle. Halyna Kapas' shows the rushnyky (print, not embroidered) which will be gifts for the gravediggers and pall bearers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0513

Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. She is showing the contents of her funeral bundle. This is one of the kerchiefs which will be a gift for the women who will carry the coffin lid. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0514

Home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. She is showing the contents of her funeral bundle. Odarka Panchenko and Halyna Kapas' repack the contents of the funeral bundle. Panchenko insists that everything be folded just so. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0515

Pictured is Marta Iakivna Khnukalo, DOB 1929. She is the grandmother of Serhii Kuveiko, who has since married and had a son. She was an informant on the subject of birth customs, and in the photo she is showing how to bathe an infant right after birth. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0776

In the home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905; usually called Baba Odarka. This same informant had been recorded two years ago, but this time was not vey successful because she has deteriorated physically to a great degree. Her clothing and home are good examples of material culture. The painting above the glass cabinet is of her when she was a young woman. The bouquet nearby is what is carried by a svitilka (a female relative of the groom and one of the attendants usually present in the wedding train that goes from the groom's house to pick up the bride) during a wedding. The bouquet is sometimes called a shabila or sword. Baba Odarka used to make and sell these, but she is no longer able to. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0777

In the home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905, usually called Baba Odarka. Halyna Kapas holds up one of the shirts embroidered by Baba Odarka. Note also the second wedding bouquet above Halyna's head. To the far right is an embroidered picture. The aloe in the window is a typical house plant, called doktor (doctor) and used to treat burns and minor skin abraisons. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0778

In the home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905; usually called Baba Odarka. Another view of Halyna holding up the shirt. She is trying to show the berry design on the sleeves which is typical of the Cherkasy region. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0779

On the road between Velykii Khutir, Drabivs'kyi Raion, Cherkas'ka Oblast and Iavorivka. This is a marker of the spot where a young couple met their dath in an auto accient. Note the grave stone with the two pictures. The site is well maintained, and there are fresh flowers as well as the purple flowers, which are made of paper. This is the couple whose tragic love story Baba San'ka and Mykhailo Koval' of Velykii Khutir had told us. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion. Drab010129105330

On the road between Velykii Khutir and Iavorivka. This is a view of the marker on the spot where a young couple met their death in an auto accident. Note the grave stone with the two pictures and the well-maintained site. There are both fresh flowers and the purple flowers, which are made of paper. Baba San'ka and Mykhailo Koval' told about the couple's tragic love story. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion. Drab010129110540

Home of Rudobaba, Paraskeva Fedotivna, DOB 1927, who was an informant on life cycle matters. She has a sick piglet in the house to help it recover. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Brovarivs'kyi -- Hrebel'ky. Hreb010214154115

A photo of a post-wedding carnival called tsyhani in this region (elsewhere called tsyhanshchyna), taken in the 1970s or 1980s. Notice the people wearing bras in the background. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010323115309

The post-wedding carnival, called tyshani in this region (elsewhere called tsyhanshchyna). The photo was taken in the 1970s or 1980s and specifically states that it shows the action that takes place on Monday after the wedding. Here the revelers are taking the parents of the couple (not stated whether of the bride or the groom) for a ride. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010406093459

The photograph shows the post-wedding carnival called tsyhani in this region (elsewhere called tsyhanshchyna). The photo was taken in the 1970s or 1980s. Here the revelers are relaxing in a field. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010406094718

This appears to be a postcard of a bridal couple with writing on the back. On the back of the card, it lists the dates of birth of the couple and gives them as 1904 and Sept. 12, 1905. It also says on the back: "Given to Nastasiia Makarovna Tkachenko as a memento." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010424140211

This photo shows the post-wedding carnival (here called "tyshane") and also specifically marks it as being on Monday. Here the group is readying the cart they will use to take the parents "for a ride." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010424141930

This photo shows the post-wedding carnival (here called "tyshani") which takes place on Monday. The photo was taken in the 1970's and features two women, one dressed as a man. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010424143723

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. Here people are getting dressed up and getting ready to go over to the festivities. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0176

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. At the gate--paying admission and getting a "check up" from the "doctor." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0177

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. The couple--they are not in wedding clothes, but in what is considered especially nice clothing. This is the sort of wear that is appropriate for the second day of the wedding. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0178

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. Food is being set out for the guests. This takes place in a make-shift tent erected especially for the wedding and the post-wedding events. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0179

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. A new "doctor" has assumed the position at the gate. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0180

Nadezhda Buchma, and informant about birth customs and other life cycle information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0181

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. The parents of the bride are being pulled down the street in a cart. They are dressed up in leaves. The groom is an orphan; if he were not, his parents would also be dreagged down the street. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0182

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. As the procession goes down the street, they offer refreshments to whoever they meet (horilka, snacks) and receive a gift for the couple in return. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0183

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. Two of the most avid participants of the celebration, dressed in drag. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0184

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. The parents are pulled into the river. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0185

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. Participants of the celebration in the river. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0186

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. On the river bank, the bride examines the chicks received earlier as a gift. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0187

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. On the river bank, lots of people are in costume. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0188

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. This is the entrance to her house, the picture is taken from the yard and not from the street. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010219165236

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka. This is a view of her yard and the entrance to the komora. The komora is an underground storage area, used for keeping root crops such as beets, carrots, potatoes, for winter vegetables such as cabbage, and for canned goods. In many areas, trysts during courtship took place in the komora and marriages were consummated there. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226104117

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka. This is her yard. On the right is the komora, or underground storage cellar, and on the left is the barn. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226105508

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka. Pictured is her yard, with the barn and storage shed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226110013

Pictured is Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She was an informant on life cycle topics, talking about birth customs and funeral customs. Here she is showing her funeral bundle. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226110628

The home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She continues to show the contents of her funeral bundle. Watching is Nataliia Havryliuk, folklorist, Ryl's'skyi Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226111638

In the home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She continues to show her funeral bundle. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226112450

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She shows a cabinet where she has placed various religious items and where she prays. Also in the picture are a sleeping bench and examples of a traditional house interior. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226113329

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. Pictured is her icon corner and the table in front of it. On the table are religious and family items. Also in the picture are icons, a rushnyk (ritual towel), and the Psalter that she reads over the dead when she goes to perform the rite of watching over the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226114603

The home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. Pictured is the table in her icon corner showing some family and religious pictures. The bread is a special one which she received in payment for reading the Psalter over a deceased person in the village. Also on the table is a large print Psalter. She also owns a hand-written Psalter which is what she used during the Soviet period. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226115522

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. Pictured is the secondary icon corner, arranged in a cabinet. Note the usual icons of the Virgin and Child and Christ the Savior, with a rushnyk draped over them. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226120355

Buying goods off the back of a truck for pension advances. This is the modern equivalent of an itinerant peddlar. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Kanivs'kyi raion -- Iabluniv. Iabl0162

The main road through the village. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Kanivs'kyi raion -- Iabluniv. Iabl0163

Halyna Iarmosh, an informant who was an excellent source of life cycle information. She is also a narrator of folktales, one of the few left, and an excellent narrator of memorats. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Kanivs'kyi raion -- Iabluniv. Iabl0164

Tatiana Pidhaina, an informant who was an excellent source of life cycle information. She is also a ritual official who reads the Psalter over the deceased and at commemorative meals, such as a year after the date of a death. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Kanivs'kyi raion -- Iabluniv. Iabl0165

In the home of Dziuba, Nina Antonivna, born in 1938. These are embroidered pictures that she made. Embroidered pictures were quite popular throughout this area. They range from copies of old Ukrainian and Russian masters, as here, to cute pictures of cats. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219145755

In the home of Dziuba, Nina Antonivna, born 1938. The hostess with Khodorivs'ka, Hanna Arsentivna, born 1936. Both were informants on life cycle ritual, especially the funeral, and on religious matters, including the psalmy sung over the deceased and at the wake. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219150841

In the market in Iahotyn. This is the place to sell farm produce and to buy everything from tomato and pepper seedlings to baby chicks, shoes, clothing, and car parts. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219151557

Another view of the market in Iahotyn. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219152129

funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The coffin is being lowered into the grave on special long rushnyky Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201133552

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. After the coffin is lowered, all relatives and friends must throw 3 handfuls of dirt into the grave. They take the dirt from the pile made by the grave diggers and throw it in. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201140947

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. After the coffin is lowered, all relatives and friends must throw 3 handfuls of dirt into the grave. They take the dirt from the pile made by the grave diggers and throw it in. This shot shows one of the women bending over to get her handful of dirt. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201143051

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. After everyone has thrown in their 3 handfuls of dirt, the grave diggers start closing up the grave. They throw the dirt that they had removed earlier into the grave, over the coffin. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201143626

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The flowers that had been brought to the cemetery stand ready to be placed on the grave once it is sealed. Note also the adjacent graves. Each plot has a fence. Grave markers are crosses or marble slabs with a slanted top. Latter usually have portraits of the deceased. Artificial flowers are placed on both crosses and stone slabs. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201144542

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Each plot has a fence. Grave markers are crosses or marble slabs with a slanted top. Latter usually have portraits of the deceased. Artificial flowers are placed on both crosses and stone slabs. Each plot usually has several graves. Each grave is often demarcated; in the plot in the foreground, each grave has a concrete edge. Flowers and other gifts are placed on individual graves. In Iavorivka, when you visit the graves of your relatives, you leave them flowers or candy, or both. Throwing a candy or two on each grave is very common practice. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201145548

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Ater the funeral above, people go to their family plots and leave candy, tend the plots. Note the plots and grave markers. Note also the artificial and planted flowers (the rose bush on the left). A funeral will cause some people to lament at the graves of their family members, as the woman in the middle, clutching the cross with the blue and white flowers, is doing. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201150444

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Tending the graves of the family deceased on the day of the Novak funeral. This is the grave of a young man, died before his time. It is particularly heavily decorated and the grave marker is particularly nice. The woman tending the grave, who is the mother, told the others how much the grave marker cost. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201151422

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the various grave types and marker types, here mostly crosses with metal curlique decorations. What is featured here is a picnic table and benches. These are for visiting the deceased and eating meals in the cemetery on days when the deceased are supposed to be remembered. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201152216

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, 72 years old. He was reputed to have been a good man, good husband, and father. We missed the funeral service, which was held in his home (there is no church in Iavorivka yet). We joined as the procession left the home. Here the women are carrying the coffin cover, or viko. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221151102

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, 72 years old. This is the pevcha, a kind of choir composed of women who sing religious songs and form a semi-official group of celebrants at events such as funerals. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221152146

The funeral of Novak, Griygorii Pylypovych. The wife laments as the men get ready to pick up the bier, here called mary. The rushnyky tied around the mary will become gifts for the pall bearers. The wife was the best lamenter I have ever seen. She lamented the entire trip to the graveyard, which took at least thirty minutes. The laments were complex with full poetic features. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221153151

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The procession sets out. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221153936

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The procession stops at a cross roads and the wife laments. Again, note the decorations on the bier. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221154443

The funeral of Novak, Hriyhorii Pylypovych. The women holding the coffin lid while the procession is stopped. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221155043

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The procession continues. The sequence is as follows: a man carrying an icon draped in a rushnyk; a man carrying a portrait of the deceased; women with flowers; women with the coffin lid; and finally, three men carrying the coffin on the mary. The women were carrying lots of fresh flowers nd evergreen branches. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221160006

The funeral procession for Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The man closest to the camera is carrying the ropes on which the coffin will be lowered. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221160731

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. Another stop and more laments. Here a relative joins the wife and they both lament, though not at the same time. Group of women in the background is the pevcha. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221161318

The funeral procession of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221161856

The funeral procession of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221162307

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. This is the man who carries the ropes to lower the coffin. When a funeral procession goes down the street, people come outside. They either watch the funeral procession go by, or they let it go by and join. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221162703

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. Another look at the procession, this time during one of its three obligatory stops. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010226141708

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The wife laments again -- this is during one of the three obligatory stops. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010226142328

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The procession continues again. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010226143033

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. Another stop and another view of the pevcha. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010226143621

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The wife laments again and is joined by a relative. The blond woman in the granddaughter. Again, note the decorations on the mary. The colored ryshnykky will be gifts for the pall bearers. The green ones will be gifts for the grave diggers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010226144220

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. In the photo are their three children (left to right) Volodia (Volodymyr), Nadia (Nadezhda), and Halia (Halyna). The folklorist and her hosts are having dinner upon her arrival in the village. The dining room is the entry way to the house--this provides more space and helps keep the rest of the house reasonably cool in the summer. Note the items of material culture: the type of food on the table and the type of dishes, as well as the partition between the dining area and the storage area, and in the back, the windows and window treatments. All family members were informants; the only one that was not a good source of information (and probably mostly because he was out in the field cutting hay) was Volodia. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0466

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. This photo shows Polina and Vasyl' (the parents) and their son, Volodia. Note the food, dishes, and house decoration. Note also the clothes of Polina, especially the double kerchief on the head. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0467

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. This photo shows their eldest daughter, Nadiia Vasylivna Katuha. She is an excellent informant, especially on the subject of folk belief. She is also a craftsman; she embroiders. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0468

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. This photo shows their youngest daughter, Halyna, milking the cow. Notice her "village" clothes; she changed into village clothing for the purpose of milking. Note also her milking technique. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0469

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. This photo shows their pig in its stye. In other areas, pig styes are handled differently. Here the pig has a building, enclosed, so that it can move around and go inside for shelter or outside for fresh air and exercise. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0470

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. This shows another part of the farm, namely the rabbit cages on top and the turkey/geese on the bottom. The rabbits are an important source of meat protein. The turkey/geese are literally a cross-breeding between local geese and imported turkeys. They exist in quite a few villages. They pretty well have free run of the yard, though sometimes they are herded down to the pond or other source of water. In the yard, there is always some sort of container with water for them. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0471

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. A view of the barn area of the farm, including the dumping area. The large animal (cows, pigs) barn is on the left. The small animal shelters (rabbits, chickens, geese) is on the right. In front of these is Halyna carrying the pails for milking the cow. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0472

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. The yard by the house. As with all homesteads, you enter the farm yard through a gate in the fence. The entrance to the house never faces the streeet. It is usually from the side. This being a particularly nice house, concrete sidewalks lead up to the house entrance. On the right is the summer kitchen. This is a separate building used, as its name implies, in the summer so as not to heat up the house. Cooking is done on a gas stove; gas comes from a bought canister. The table outside the summer kitchen was used for food preparation. Now it is piled high will all sorts of clothes and has become essentially a storage area. The table in the back left is used for food preparation and even more for dishwashing. There is another table inside the summer kitchen. Animals are fed outside the kitchen. Here Polina Iakivna and Nadiia Vasylivna look at one of the family cats. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0473

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. Pictured here is Nadiia Vasylivna entering the house. This is important not only because the entrance to the house is from the side, but also to show the extent and nature of house decoration. Decoration is quite extensive. The edge of the tin roof has been cut to produce a scalloped effect. Blue and white are favorite colors in this region. Decoration is concentrated on openings, namely windows and doors, though this house is decorated pretty well everywhere possible. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0474

Polina Iakivna Latysh, the mother of Halyna Vasylivna Kapas'. She was an informant on the topics of beleif, customs, behavior, etc., although she was not formally interviewed. The folklorist lived at her house and she would deliver information and pronouncements. Here we see examples of material culture: the outfit she is wearing is her warm weather attire. She constantly wears double kerchiefs, even when it is quite warm. This is supposed to help with her headaches. Note also the appearance of the room, the number of decorated items, especially cloth. This room is the bedroom. At one point, five people slept in the three beds. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0516

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. One of the two stoves that are inside the house. This one is between rooms and serves to provide heat (the house has been expanded beyond the original size) to the added rooms. It is also used as additional cooking space. The stove is fired up below. The large ceramic area heats up and provides room heat. The cooking surface is apparent. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0568

Home of Latysh, Plina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. Nadiia Vasylivna's granddaughter Iulia, age 5. Besides the costume ("Reebot," a Reebok imitation warm-up suit) combined with a village-style kerchief appropriate to girls, even little ones, note the decoration on the stove -- a penguin print. People cut out many prints from magazines of all sorts and glue them all over their houses. At the apartment where the photographer stayed, there were assorted pictures of roses just cut out of magazines and glued to the walls. In the photo here, also note the curtains hung above the stove and the combination of several prints. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0569

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. The icon corner in one of the bedrooms. The treatment here is called shtany (pants). Instead of using a rushnyk (one large, single piece of cloth) draped over the icons, this method uses three pieces. The two panels on the side are much like the two lower parts of a traditional rushnyk. The top, instead of being the folded-over, non-embroidered part of the rushnyk, is a separate piece, sort of like the valance of a window curtain, and is embroidered in a pattern that coordinates with the side panels. Also note the tulle on the windows and the embroidered picture of two birds on the left. Beneath the icons is a table. Hanging a piece of cloth from the table and using the bottom of it for storage, a sort of impromptu chest, is also typical. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0570

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. One of the bedrooms. These windows once looked outside. When the house was expanded and an addition built on, the windows came to look out on a storage area. On the wall are pictures of family members, the top one draped in a rushnyk. Beneath the pictures is an embroidered hanging. Something like this could also have been used for a pillow. Beneath the tulle in what used to be a window. On the right is a large formal portrait of Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych. He won top tractor driver of the village honors and this portrait hung in the village office. In the foreground, pillows are covered with tulle during the day, when they are not in use. The couch, which serves as one of the beds at night (there were three beds in the room and five people slept there) has an ornate woven cloth over the back and a cover, like that used on other beds, on the bottom. All of this cloth is supposed to preserve the furniture from wear and tear. It also has a decorative function. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0571

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. A typical bed treatment. Note the coverlet and pillows. On the wall is a rug. These are essential as most walls are white-washed and the chalk comes off easily if you touch them. Most rugs are on walls, not floors. The chest to the left serves both for storage (here of the nice china) and as a room divider, separating this newly added bedroom from the rest of the house. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0572

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. The main kitchen area inside the house (as opposed to the summer kitchen house). This is the main stove, or pech. Note that there are two areas where fires can be lit. The one on the left would be for cooking on top -- you place a pot or pan on the burner. The one on the right is for baking -- you heat up the area, sweep out the ashes, place the items to be baked inside, and seal in the heat with a wooden door. Note the towel hanging above the cooking area on the left and the pictures decorating the stove. Also note the multiple patterns in the wallpaper, the oil cloth covering the food prepartion area, and the various curtains, both on the windows and covering the areas underneath the shelves. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0573

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. The icon corner in the main room, what was the original khata from which everything else expanded. This serves as a formal dining area in the summer and as the main dining area in winter. This is also a living room -- note the TV set directly beneath the icons. This is a sleeping area, as well. The couch on the right is used for sleeping, as is the back of the stove, which goes out into this room. Note the icons, rushnyk, and family photos. Putting a number of small photos together in a large frame is a typical approach. Note also the variety of patterns and the fact that virtually every surface has some sort of decoration on it. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0574

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. The main room of the house -- view of the back of the stove. This is a major sleeping area. You sleep both on the shelf built into the stove itself and on the large flat area adjacent to the stove -- in this image it is on the left, covered with a greenish coverlet. Note the various decorative features: the rushnyk with the photo on the stove, the curtains on the stove, the rug on the wall and the rushnyk on the coverlet, the picture above the rug on the wall and the paper flowers around the picture. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0575

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. A frontal view of the largest sleeping area in the house (it is in the main room). Note also the decoration on the windows and the embroidered picture to the left. There is a composite of many small photos in the frame on the left. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0576

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. A cabinet with medicines, glasses, photos, and so forth. Note the curtain on the bottom half and the cloth cutwork decoration on the top. Family photos are on the left, and dress clothing is hung on the left. Beneath it is one of the couches that converts to a bed at night. It is covered with a coverlet to decorate and protect the furniture. The window has tulle on the top and cutwork on the bottom. An embroidered panel hangs next to the window. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0577

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. A more or less formal dinner with some neighbors and friends (who are also distantly related). Latysh, Kateryna Pylypivna, DOB 1941, and Basans'ka, Nina Oleksandrivna, DOB 1940, are pictured and are informants. They gave the collector wedding material and a lot of discussion of beliefs and of magic. Their outfits are a good example of material culture. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0578

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. A more or less formal dinner in the main room of the house. This shot is most valuable as an example of material culture. Note the rug on the wall in the back and the composite photo above it. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0579

A path through the cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the decorations and fences around each grave. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0651

A section of the cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the decorations and colors around each grave, as well as the presence of both new and old graves. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0652

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the grave decorations, especially the rushnyk around the cross. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0653

The cemetery in Iavorivka. This is an older cross type with decorations. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0654

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the fences, colors, and different cross types. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0655

The cemetery in Iavorivka. This is a new grave. Note the rushnyky around the crosses. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0656

A view of the cemetery in Iavorivka showing a Soviet-style obelisk and fence. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0657

A very fancy grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka with deliberate Ukrainian treatment. The couple pictured are in Ukrainian costume and the tombstone edges are decorated with Ukrainian motifs. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0658

A child's grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0659

A child's grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0660

A child's grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka. These were not unbaptized children, but the graves were not central and were subordinate to graves of adults. It does not seem to be a big deal when a small child dies and the graves are appended to the graves of adults, like the ones seen here. When an older young person dies, there is a very big, sad grave treatment. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0661

A view of the cemetery in Iavorivka showing assorted monument and cross types, including Soviet. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0662

A view of the fields next to the village Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0663

A view of one of the small cross-fields roads near Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0664

A v iew of the cemetery in Iavorivka showing the stand where Soviet era funerals were conducted. The supports for the coffin and the background against which the orator or celebrant stood are visible. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0665

Two new graves in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0666

A somewhat older grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0667

A well-established gravesite in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0668

A view of the cemetery in Iavorivka showing various fence types, crosses, and decoration. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0669

A view of the cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the grave decorations and fences. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0670

Halyna Kapas' throws candy on the grave of one of her deceased relatives. Whenever you visit the graves of your relatives, you should offer them something. The most common offering is candy. In some places, vodka is also offered and some gravesites will have a glass left on the gravemarker for such offerings. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0671

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna. Polina Iakivna Latysh and her eldest daughter, Nadiia Vasylivna Katuha, are seated outside the summer kitchen. Note the evidence of material culture: clothes, buildings, and storage. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0672

A view of the roads headed towards Iavoivka. Note the fence and road composition. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0677

A family group in the cemetery in Iavorivka celebrating the Ascension. This is a day to visit the dead and leave offerings, such as candy. Note the use of bicycles for transportation and the cemetery features, especially cross types and decoration and the fences around each group of graves. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0678

A family group celebrating the Ascension in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Note their clothing. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0679

Latysh, Polina Iakovlivna visiting her family's graves in the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. Note the clothing, grave layout, decoration on crosses, and the fences around the graves. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0680

A Soviet style grave marker in the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0681

A view of the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. Note the crosses and fences. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0682

A family group celebrating the Ascension in the cemetery in Iavorivka. They are visiting a particularly fancy grave marker. These tend to be for prominent people and for people who are especially missed, such as those who died young or before their parents. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0683

A group visiting with the dead and with fellow villagers on the day of the Ascension in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Candy is left on graves and given to children. When you receive a gift of candy, you are supposed to utter well-wishes for the deceased: Tsarstvo iomu nebesne (may he rest in the Heavenly Kingdom). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0684

A woman celebrating the day of the Ascension in the cemetery in Iavorivka. She is cleaning and decorating the grave with the flowers that are everywhere. Note the sack that has been left behind. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0685

A grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. It has been cleaned and decorated with flowers. Note the sack that has been left behind. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0686

A recent grave in the cemetery at Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. The grave has been decorated. The woman holds a bag of candy that she will pass around to children and others. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0687

A woman and her grandson at the grave of the woman's daughter, the boy's mother, in the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. The daughter died young and this woman lamented extensively at her grave. She was told to stop because she was drawing attention. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0688

The edge of the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. The fencing around the graves is especially clear. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0689

Shustrova, Anastasiia Iakivna, DOB 1913. Anastasiia Iakivna was an informant on birth customs and legends. In this photo she is showing how to swaddle a child. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0690

Shustrov, Trokhym Akymovych, DOB 1917. Due to failing health, Trokhym Akymovych is not as much of an informant as he once was. He used to tell the story of meeting a witch who had transformed herself into a magically rolling wheel as he was coming home from dosvitky (the courtship parties) one night. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0691

A view of the village street and children's games. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0692

This haystack is not of the typical type for this area, but having a haystack before the gates is. The woman is from a western region. Also note the gates and their decoration. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0693

A view of the Latysh home. The entrance is from a courtyard. Note the decoration of the windows and of the house in general. Even the tin on the roof has cut, scalloped edges. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0694

A view of the Latysh home interior showing a pich (stove), wall hanging, rug, icons, pictures, and rushnyky. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0695

A view of the Latysh home interior showing the pich (stove), wall hanging and rug. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0696

A ladder leading up to the attic in the Latysh home. The attic is a storage area as well as a place where herbs are dried. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0697

Neighbors arrive outside the Latysh home. They bring a gift of pirozhky to eat and an embroidered shirt to show. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0698

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. He is an especially loved husband and citizen so that this is a particularly elaborate funeral, with exceptionally lenghty laments by the widow. The funeral procession on the way between the home of the deceased and the graveyard. Photo taken from across the field used to pasture the livestock. Order of the procession, as seen here: women carrying the coffin lid (viko) in front, then men carrying the coffin on the mary or bier, then relatives, then friends. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0717

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The front of the funeral procession: man carrying an icon draped in a rushnyk, followed by a man carrying a portrait of the deceased, also in a rushnyk, then women carrying flowers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0718

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The funeral procession between the home and the graveyard. A man carrying an icon is in front, then a man carrying a photo the deceased. After them come women bearing flowers to be placed on the grave. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0719

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The women carrying the flowers are especially clear in ths picture, then as abouve, the coffin lid, then the coffin. Relatives and friends not as visible here. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0720

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Good shot of flowers and the viko or coffin lid. Right in front of the men carrying the coffin is a man in a suit carrying the special ryshnyky (not decorated and very long) which will be used to lower the coffin. They are in a bundle tucked under his left arm. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0721

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Side view of two of the women carrying flowers and the women carrying the coffin lid or viko. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0722

Funeral of Novak, Hyhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The man carrying the rushnyky that will be used for lowering the coffin, followed by the men carrying the mary with the coffin itself. Women to the left carry kerchiefs which will be given as gifts to various people who helped with the funeral. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0723

Funeral of Novak, Hyrhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The mary or a wooden stand used for carrying the coffin. It is carried by 8 men (in other villages, 6 men carry the mary, which are also called nary; sometimes women carry the mary/nary if the deceased is a woman). The mary have legs so that the coffin can be set down at crossroads for the appropriate prayers, singing of Our Father and lamentation by the relatives. The mary here were very heavily decorated, with rushnyky, kerchiefs. These will become presents for the coffin bearers and the grave diggers. Relatives follow the men with the mary here. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0724

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The men carrying the coffin on the mary followed by the relatives Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0725

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The procession stops at the crossroads for the appropriate prayers, singing of Our Father and lamentation by the relatives. There must be at least 3 stops en route. If there are not 3 crossroads (as there were here, a third stop is added at an arbitrary place). Here the wife leans over the deceased and laments. She was the best lamenter that I heard. She lamented non-stop during the entire procession, or for about 1 hour. Notice also the relatives encircling the coffin. Notice on the mary: rushnyky and kerchiefs tied at each leg. These will become gifts. The large rushnyk on the bottom will be kept by the family. Elsewhere it might be given to the church. The deceased is covered in tulle. Around his head were placed fragrant herbs. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0726

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The coffin on the mary and the men carrying it enter the graveyard. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0727

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Lamentation at the gravesite before the coffin is sealed and lowered. This is considered the last chance for relatives and friends to say goodbye. Lamenting here are the wife and several relatives. In the foreground is the coffin lid covered with a rushnyky and a loaf of bread placed on top. Wife is the closest of the lamenters. Young man standing to the left is the grandson. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0728

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The various relatives say goodbye in the graveyard. Photo offers a good view of the coffin lid or viko with the embroidered and woven ryshnyky. The embroidered one is lenghtwise and the woven one is folded up and placed in the middle with the bread on top. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0729

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Another view of the relatives and coffin lid or viko with rushnyky. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0730

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Coffin lid or viko, rushnyky and bread. Male relatives also say goodbye and kiss the deceased, though few lament. Standard kisses are on the forehead and hands. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0731

Funeral of Novak, Hryorii Pylypovych. Coffin lid, coffin, rushnyky and bread. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0732

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Coffin, coffin lid or viko, rushnyky, and bread. Notice also grave markers on adjacent graves. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0733

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The final kisses from the widow. Notice also the hat in the cofin next to the deceased. Head gear should be placed in the coffin, but not on the male deceased. The deceased in the coffin should be the same as a person attending church: man should have his hat, but not on his head. Woman should have her head covered in a kerchief. She usually gets a spare kerchief in the coffin. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0734

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Friends at the gravesite, watching the relatives say goodbye to the deceased. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0735

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Another view of the female relatives; here the widow and Baba Katia. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0736

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The rushnyky that were brought to the cemetary are placed across the grave, in position for the lowering of the coffin. In back of the grave stand the man holding an icon draped in a rushyk and the man holding a portrait of the deceased, also draped in a rushnyk. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0737

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. More farewells. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0738

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. More farewells. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0739

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The widow in a series of final laments. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0740

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. A close up of the mary or stand used for carrying the coffin from the home to the cemetery. Note decorations: the rushnyky and kerchiefs tied along the braces. They serve as decorations during the funeral procession. They will become gifts for the men who helped with the funeral, specifically the grave diggers and pall bearers. There is a large woven rushnyk on the bottom. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0741

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The coffin lid being put on the coffin. This shows both the appearance of the lid itself and the ritual act of placing the lid on the coffin. The coffin lid usually has nails pre-placed in it and partially hammered in so that the closing of the coffin is very rapid. Usually the closing of the coffin brings out the most extensive and emotional lamentation and people try to have the process proceed quickly. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0742

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The coffin is placed on the special long rushnyky used for lowering and 4 men lower it in slowly while the man at the head of the grave guides the process. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0743

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Again note the various grave types and marker types, here mostly crosses with metal curlique decorations. What is featured here is a picnic table and benches. These are for visiting the deceased and eating meals in the cemetery on days when the deceased are supposed to be remembered. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0752

Here we see the swampy area in the vicinity of the village and a family of swans. The less swampy areas are used by the villagers for fishing and swimming. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0775

On the road, a monument to civilians killed in the Second World War. The monument uses the iconography typically used in churches and for the Virgin Mary and Child: an adult with a picture of a child, usually only the upper body, on the stomach. Here the adult is male and the child is shown full length. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010328162500

Overlooking the banks of the river Dnipro in Kaniv. In the photo is Elena Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403145934

The monument to Taras Shevchenko, the most famous poet of Ukraine. He died on Russian territory and his remains were eventually moved to Ukraine and buried here, the location that he considered the most beautiful spot in Ukraine. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403150619

A house that is supposed to be a replica of the one in which Taras Shevchenko, Ukraine's most famous poet, was born and grew up. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403151222

Picnic by the road, a typical weekend pastime. In the photo are Elena and Leonid Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403151832

An apartment building near the university. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010328164856

A panoramic view of the central square of the city. A statue of Lenin still stands in the middle. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401145753

A neighborhood park on the outskirts of town. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401150445

The statue of Taras Shevchenko, Ukraine's most famous poet, in front of the park in downtown Kharkiv. The figures around the statue portray characters from Shevchenko poems. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401151209

The family car. Old cars are kept serviceable through a combination of engineering know-how and pirated parts. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401151906

Kharkiv is a city on two levels. Like most old cities, it started as a fortress on a hill. This is a view down from the old section to the lower part of Kharkiv. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401152614

The University of Kharkiv. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401153426

One of the old cathedrals, about to be restored. Many churches were used for other than religious purposes during the Soviet era. Some were turned into war museums. Others were used for intentionally disrespectful purposes, such as to store animal feed. Almost all have now been turned over to churches of various affiliations (almost all are Orthodox, but some are affiliated with the Moscow Patriarchate and some are Ukrainian) and are now being restored. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401154330

Entertaining in the home. The Denysenko family. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401155008

The elderly and disabled are taken care of in the home, no matter how sick or disabled they may be. State facilities accept only those who have no family. In the photo are Tatiana Denysenko, Oleksii Metsinger, and Valeria Denysenko. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401155826

The elderly and disabled are taken care of in the home, no matter how sick or disabled they may be. State facilities accept only those who have no family. In the photo are Tatiana Denysenko, Oleksii Metsinger, and Valeria Denysenko. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401160607

Tatiana Denysenko, music teacher and cabaret singer. She writes some of her own songs and also writes poetry. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401161227

The home of Nastia Oleksiiivna Haiduk. This view is of the interior of a shed, showing both wicker baskets and more modern storage containers. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nizhens'kyi raion -- Kolesnyki. Kole0239

A thatch-covered house of the older type. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nizhens'kyi raion -- Kolesnyki. Kole0240

Vera Korotovna, an informant who spoke about wedding customs. Here she is showing how the starosty (elders) sent by the potential groom wrapped a bread in a kerchief, here called "riaba khustka", in order to present it to the parents of the bride. This presentation is made when the groom, in the company of the elders (starosty) he has selected, goes to the parents of the bride to ask for their daughter's hand in marriage. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nizhens'kyi raion -- Kolesnyki. Kole0241

A group of informants who spoke about weddings and other life cycle customs. They also gave information about courtship and performed some courtship songs. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nizhens'kyi raion -- Kolesnyki. Kole0242

This is a mixed village. Part of it is indigenous residents, and part is made up of people who resettled from the Chornobyl region. The ones here are from the village of Burlivka. Pictured in the photo is Kateryna Pavlivna Vashchenko, DOB 1922. She is one of the resettled people from Chornobyl. She was an informant on the life cycle and some of the yearly cycle, specifically the three "dedy" which come in November. These are days when the deceased ancestors are supposed to return. She also does babuvannia, which here means that she takes care of sick children and people in general. She has assorted scraps of papers with incantations. She calls these prayers. Because she sees these as prayers, she is quite willing recite them for us, to teach us how to pray properly and when. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010129122216

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region (the village of Burlivka). Pictured is Kateryna Pavlivna Vashchenko, DOB 1922. She is one of the resettled people from Chornobyl. She acted as an informant on the life cycle and some yearly cycle. She also does babuvannia, which here means that she takes care of sick children and people in general. Here she is explaining the various prayers and methods of praying. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010129124028

This is a mixed village comprised of indigenous residents and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Kateryna Pavlivna Vashchenko, DOB 1922. She is one of the resettled people from Chornobyl. She was an informant on the life cycle and some of the yearly cycle. She also does babuvannia, which here means that she takes care of sick children and people in general. She will perform incantations over people who are not really ill, but just mildly distressed - to help them feel better. She did one such incantation for me and here is doing one over Natalia Havryliuk, folklorist and member of the Ryl's'kyi Folklore Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205111751

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is a view of the roads between the Chornobyl and indigenous sections of the village. The houses in the Chornobyl area are pre-fabricated and not very attractive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205112959

This is a mixed village comprised of indigenous members and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured are village roads and the cows coming home from pasture in the early evening. They will be milked and put in barns for the night. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205113656

This is a mixed village, comprised of indigenous people and people resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Mariia Petrivna Onikienko, DOB 1930. She is originally from the Chornobyl region, born in the village of Ilintsy and married into the village of Burlivka. She tells about life cycle ritual. She does the ritual of the babina kasha, or midwife's porridge at baptism. She does not perform the function of a midwife, because these are not used anymore, but she does bake a kasha which is brought to the baptism. The pot in which the kasha was baked must be broken and the kasha retain its shape. She then becomes baba (grandmother) to the children for whom she performed this ritual. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205115800

This is a mixed village comprised of indigenous people and people resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Mariia Petrivna Onikienko, DOB 1930. She tells about life cycle, especially baptism. Seated with her is Nataliia Havryliuk, folklorist and member of the Ryl's'kyi Folklore Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205121926

This is a mixed village of indigenous people and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is the home of Mariia Petrivna Onikienko, with a neighbor who stopped by to visit. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205124037

This is a mixed village of indigenous people and people resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923, one of the indigenous residents. She was an informant on life cycle ritual, and on some material culture. She gave me a shirt made completely by her mother, who grew the hemp, threshed and carded it, spun it, wove it, and sewed the piece. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205125156

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people who were resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is one of the indigenous residents of the village and was on informant on life cycle ritual and some material culture. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205130920

This is a mixed village of indigenous rseidents and people who were resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is one of the indigenous residents and served as an informant on life cycle ritual and some material culture. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205131658

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people who were resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. This is the home of Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923, and pictured is her neighbor, Evdokiia Semenivna Klokun, DOB 1916. She was an informant on life cycle ritual. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205132629

This is a village of mixed indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923, one of the indigenous residents. She is showing Nataliia Havryliuk, Kyiv folklorist, some of the contents of her funeral bundle. Here she shows the cross that goes around the deceased's neck, the one that is placed in the hands, and the passport (prokhidna). Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010219154931

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is showing some of the contents of her funeral bundle to Nataliia Havryliuk, Kyiv folklorist. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010219160039

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is showing some of the contents of her funeral bundle. Here is the kerchief that every married woman must have. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010219161053

Katia Deikun, an informant about basic life cycle imformation, including some information about remarriage. Also pictured here is her daughter, Liuba Hryhorivna Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krasenivka. Kras0059

Vaselyna Voskobiinyk, an informant about basic life cycle information, including a story about a mean mother-in-law who kept her working even while she was pregnant. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krasenivka. Kras0060

Nastia Oksamytna, the grandmother of Andrii, the folklorist's driver, in her everyday clothing: this is how she looked when the folklorist arrived. This woman is particularly significant as a source for clothing and housing information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Krasnokhyzhyntsi. Kras0081

A view of the inside of Nastia Oksamytna's home. This woman is particularly significant as a source for clothing and housing information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Krasnokhyzhyntsi. Kras0082

A view of the inside of Nastia Oksamytna's home. This woman is particularly significant as a source for clothing and housing information. Note the rushnyky or embroidered towels around all pictures. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Krasnokhyzhyntsi. Kras0083

Nastia Oksamytna, her grandson Andrii (the folklorist's driver), and a view of the inside of her home. They are seated in front of the icon corner. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Krasnokhyzhyntsi. Kras0084

Nastia Oksamytna standing next to her grandson Andrii (the folklorist's driver), and a view of the inside of her home. Note the icon corner in the background with its window-like treatment, complete with "curtains." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Krasnokhyzhyntsi. Kras0085

This photo was collected from Kateryna Lukivna Daiikun and her daughter Liubov. It was taken in approximately 1959 and shows a military recruit named Vasyl' Panasovych Vyshnia. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krasenivka. Kras010410151708

Examples of material culture--note the house, fence, and yard. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0090

Oleksandr Borysenko, the village head or "holova sil'rady" of a very prosperous village. This photo also displays house decoration, and the treatment of windows and doors in particular. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0091

Mariia Shakun, an informant who gave fairly complete and detailed life cycle information, especially about birth and baptism. Also note the treatment of the icon corner in this photo. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0092

A folk singing collective. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0093

A folk singing collective. They specialize in singing ritual songs. They can be asked to sing at a wedding or other ceremonial occasions, and generally try to perserve songs indigenous to their village. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0094

A view of the material culture of the village of Kropyvne Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0095

A view of the material culture of the village of Kropyvne Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0096

A view of the material culture of the village of Kropyvne Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0097

A photo of a kindergarten, taken in the late 1940s or early 1950s. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010323112416

A wedding photo of Ivan Krushpet, who died in 1931. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010323113534

Photo of Tetiana Petrash (patronymic not known), taken in the 1960s. The picture was collected from Halyna Photo of Tetiana Petrash (patronymic not known), taken in the 1960s. The picture was collected from Halyna Dmytrivna Petrash. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010323114446

A photo taken in 1956 of a couple and their two children. The names of the couple are Petro Mykolaiovych Dzhelymens'kyi and his wife Halyna Ivanivna. Their children are named Andrii and Vira. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010406105235

A photo taken August 12, 1952. The inscription on the back reads: "A photo for Petia, beloved and dear to our hearts, from his wife Halia and his daughter Verochka. This is our image so that you may remember us lovingly always." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010406110143

A photo taken in approximately 1970. It shows the bride with 4 female attendants, called druzhky, carrying ritual breads or shyshky a