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In the home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. This is the summer house which is separate from the main khata and will be used primarily by the grandparents, namely Ol'ha Mykhailivna and her husband. The house has many interesting traditional features: dirt floor covered with fragrant grasses, a large bench next to the stove for sleeping. This is also the area where Ol'ha Mykhailivna places her grandchildren whom she watches all day while her daughter-in-law works at the store, one of the few salaried jobs in the village. Also note the rug on the wall and the benches. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr010219153031

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. This is Ol'ha Mykhailivna and her grandson. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr010220131342

The two grandchildren of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. As there are no diapers, the boy runs around without pants almost all of the time and pees wherever. He is encouraged to use the potty which stands in the main house near the crib where he sleeps, but seldom does so. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr010220133456

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. This is the entryway to the podval, used for cold storage. Root crops such as carrots, beets, and potatoes are kept there, as well as cabbage and canned goods. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr010220134030

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. A traditional plaited fence made by Ol'ha Mykhailivna's husband. The area is marshy and reeds are used for fences such as this one. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr010220134538

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. Ol'ha Mykhailivna on a swing set up for the grandchildren. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr010220135032

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. One of her sons keeps bees, and this is a picture of the hives. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr010220135438

Baptism -- the two sets of godparents are holding the child about to be baptized. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0493

Baptism - the 2 sets of godparents are holding the child about to be baptized Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0494

Baptism - during the baptismal ceremony. The two sets of god parents hold the child. Parents are not allowed to be present at the baptism of their children. The woman to the right is a member of the pevcha or choir. The pevcha sings during all major rituals, such as baptisms, funerals, weddings. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0495

Baptism - during the baptismal ceremony Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0496

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest anoints the child Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0497

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest anoints the child's feet Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0498

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest holds the Bible before the godparents and they kiss it; the woman to the right is a member of the choir or pevcha Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0499

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest takes the child from the godparents to dip her feet in holy water. The pink cloth in the hands of one of the godmothers is the kryzhma. It is a ritual gift which the godmother presents to the child at baptism. The kryzhma should never be used for anything except items for the child, be they clothing or diapers. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0500

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest dips the child's feet in holy water Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0501

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest reads from the Bible while one of the godmothers holds the child wrapped in a kryzhma, the special baptismal cloth that the godmother is supposed to provide. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0502

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest reads from the Bible while one of the godmothers holds the child wrapped in a kryzhma, the special baptismal cloth that the godmother is supposed to provide. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0503

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony. The priest gives the child a drop of holy water on her lips. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0504

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest cuts the child's hair in the shape of a cross. Normally, this is done when the child is one year old. However, with the Soviet era, people stopped baptizing children shortly after their birth. Sometimes children were not baptized until they were as old as 6. Basically, parents and/or god parents waited for an opportune moment and opportune moments during the Soviet period were hard to find. Even now, many children are not baptized until they are somewhat older. When that happens, the cutting of the hair is done during baptism, as here. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0505

Baptism - the ceremony concludes Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0541

Baptism - the ceremony concludes. Everyone congratulates the newly baptized child and her godparents. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0542

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A swarm of bees in a tree. The family keeps bees as an additional source of income. The swarm is barely visible in the center of the photograph. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0543

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her husband, Vasyl' Hryhorovych, getting ready to catch a swarm of bees. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0544

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her husband, Vasyl' Hryhorovych, catching a swarm of bees. The swarm itself is about 2/3 of the way down the photograph. The beekeeper is holding a hive in his hands. He will place the hive under the swarm and tap the branch on which the swarm sits to get it into the hive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0545

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her husband, Vasyl' Hryhorovych, catching a swarm of bees. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0546

Outside the home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Children at play. This the local version of hopscotch. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0547

Fields outside the village of Dobranychivka. Those fields which were left fallow after the collapse of the collective farms are gradually being appropriated by villagers for private use. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0548

General village view of the village of Dobranychivka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0549

A farmer in fields outside the village of Dobranychivka. Fields that had been farmed while the collective farm system existed have been left fallow after the collapse of the Soviet Union. More and more portions of these are being taken for private use. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0550

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. View of the yard in back of the house and the various buildings used for storage, to house rabbits and other small animals used for food. The well is the only source of water. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0551

Village women on the road to Pluzhnyky, the neighboring village, to attend a funeral. The women pictured are members of the pevcha, or church choir. The bag contains copies of the books from which they will read the songs that they need to sing as part of the service. It also contains candy to give away to people attending the funeral. When a person accepts candy, he or she is supposed to utter good wishes for the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0552

On the road to Pluzhnyky. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0553

Fields outside the village. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0554

A truck parked outside a home in which a funeral is being celebrated. The coffin will be placed on top of the truck bed, which is covered with straw. The family will sit next to the coffin to accompany it to the graveyard. The deceased was in his fifties, unmarried, and tended toward excessive drink. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0673

A group of people waiting outside the home while a funeral service is conducted inside. Note the clothing and house type. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0674

A group of people waiting outside a home while a funeral service is conducted inside. Note the number of men waiting outside. Men avoided being present at funeral services, especially those conducted inside the home. They seemed to be present only if they were very close relatives and it was expected that they would kiss the deceased goodbye at the end of the service. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0675

A stork's nest on top of a pole with a haystack and fence. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0676

The baptism of Svitlana. Her godfather holds her in the outer room of the church as everyone prepares for the service. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0699

The baptism of Svitlana. She is with both sets of godparents inside the church proper. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0700

At the home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets', born in 1941; beekeeping. The men of the household are the ones who take care of the bees. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0701

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets', born in 1941; picture of her son doing some of the family beekeeping. He is holding one of the frames from the hive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0702

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born in 1941. These are pens for keeping rabbits, a major source of meat. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0703

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. A place for storing corn. This is the kind of corn used for hog feed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0704

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. This shows the feed trough inside the barn, with chickens. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0705

Home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. The inside of one of the rabbit pens -- a mother with her babies. The ball of fluff to the right is a nest. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0706

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her son doing some of the family beekeeping. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0753

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Another view of beekeeping, showing the hives and one of the frames from the hive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0754

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. These are pens for keeping rabbits, a major meat source, and a wheelbarrow. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0755

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A shed with stored corn of the variety used for hog feed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0756

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941.A view of the interior of the barn, showing chickens and a feed trough. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0757

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A view of the interior of one of the rabbit pens showing a mother with babies. The ball of fluff on the right is a nest. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0758

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A view of the house exterior with the entrance to the underground storage area or podval. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0759

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. The master of the house is seated next to the fence. Note the decorative detail on the fence: the various sections are different colors. Also, the metal is cut in fancy shapes and each section is a different shape. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0760

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941 and some of the other women of the pevcha. They are Puz', Halyna Kornievna, DOB 1937, and Zavalii, Tetiana Mykolaivna, DOB 1934. They did a lot of wedding material and sang courtship and other lyric songs. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0761

A view of another house in the area showing house construction, fencing, and clothing. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0762

A view of the area including the village and nearby fields which are used for pasture. Some fields were not intended for use as pasture lands and lie fallow because the collective farms have collapsed and alternate means of organizing and dealing with large fields have not always appeared or have not taken over all of the land. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0763

Another view of the area showing the layout of the village. This is called a ribbon village type. Also note the distance between the village and the road. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0764

Another view of the area. Note how this area still has some rolling hills. Not far from here to the south and east, the steppe begins and the land is completely flat. It has now been broken up by rows of tress, but previously it was miles and miles of fields. There are kurgans or Scythian burial mounds in the area. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0765

Liubov' Naida and Halyna Kapas', two amateur ethnographers. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0766

A view of the interior of the church in Dobranychivka. It was started up only two years ago and is located in what used to be one of the schools. A great deal of effort has gone into setting this up. The women have donated rushnyky. The one on the left is a good example of the tree of life motif. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0767

Another view of the church interior. In addition to rushnyky, local residents have donated icons. The priest made the make-shift iconostasis. The icons of archangels Michael and Gabriel on either side were painted on commission. As in all village churches, there is a profusion of eclectic decoration. Note the bouquets of paper flowers on the table before the iconostasis. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0768

Another view of the church interior. The service here is the Ascension of Christ. Note the material culture items as well. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0769

Another view of the front of the church. The priest is at the altar. Note the material culture items as well. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0770

A view of the stand in the room that is at the back of the church. It sells candles that can be offered during the service as well as various other items. For instance, booklets in which you write the names of dead people for whom you want prayers offered or live people who are ill and for whose health you want prayers said. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0771

A rushnyk hung inside the church with the Lord's Prayer embroidered on it. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0772

Another rushnyk hung inside the church. The image is called an eagle, though it looks more like a parrot. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0773

The priest, the pevcha, and the church attendant in front of the iconostasis. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0774

A view of the priest, pevcha, and the church attendant in front of the iconostasis. Most village priests are young. This one is very entrepreneurial and eager to improve his own lot. He would like to go to America or back to the area outside Ternopil in western Ukraine, where he grew up. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0780

A view of the priest, pevcha, and the church attendant in front of the iconostasis. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0781

A view of the countryside around Dobranychivka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0782

A view of cows being driven home on the road between Dobranychivka and Iavorivka for their mid-day milking. Also note the color and extent of ornamentation of the fences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranychivka. Dobr0783

Hhome of Rudobaba, Paraskeva Fedotivna, DOB 1927, who was an informant on life cycle matters. She has a sick piglet in the house to help it recover. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Brovarivs'kyi -- Hrebel'ky. Hreb010214154115

Home of Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. This is the entrance to her house, the picture is taken from the yard and not from the street. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010219165236

Home of Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka. This is a view of her yard and the entrance to the komora. The komora is an underground storage area, used for keeping root crops such as beets, carrots, potatoes, for winter vegetables such as cabbage, and for canned goods. In many areas, trysts during courtship took place in the komora and marriages were consummated there. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226104117

Home of Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka. This is her yard. On the right is the komora, or underground storage cellar, and on the left is the barn. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226105508

Home of Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka. Pictured is her yard, with the barn and storage shed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226110013

Pictured is Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She was an informant on life cycle topics, talking about birth customs and funeral customs. Here she is showing her funeral bundle. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226110628

The home of Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She continues to show the contents of her funeral bundle. Watching is Nataliia Havryliuk, folklorist, Ryl's'skyi Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226111638

In the home of Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She continues to show her funeral bundle. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226112450

Home of Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She shows a cabinet where she has placed various religious items and where she prays. Also in the picture are a sleeping bench and examples of a traditional house interior. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226113329

Home of Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. Pictured is her icon corner and the table in front of it. On the table are religious and family items. Also in the picture are icons, a rushnyk (ritual towel), and the Psalter that she reads over the dead when she goes to perform the rite of watching over the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226114603

The home of Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. Pictured is the table in her icon corner showing some family and religious pictures. The bread is a special one which she received in payment for reading the Psalter over a deceased person in the village. Also on the table is a large print Psalter. She also owns a hand-written Psalter which is what she used during the Soviet period. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226115522

Home of Antonina Mykolaivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. Pictured is the secondary icon corner, arranged in a cabinet. Note the usual icons of the Virgin and Child and Christ the Savior, with a rushnyk draped over them. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226120355

In the home of Dziuba, Nina Antonivna, born in 1938. These are embroidered pictures that she made. Embroidered pictures were quite popular throughout this area. They range from copies of old Ukrainian and Russian masters, as here, to cute pictures of cats. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219145755

In the home of Dziuba, Nina Antonivna, born 1938. The hostess with Khodorivs'ka, Hanna Arsentivna, born 1936. Both were informants on life cycle ritual, especially the funeral, and on religious matters, including the psalmy sung over the deceased and at the wake. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219150841

In the market in Iahotyn. This is the place to sell farm produce and to buy everything from tomato and pepper seedlings to baby chicks, shoes, clothing, and car parts. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219151557

Another view of the market in Iahotyn. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219152129

On the road, a monument to civilians killed in the Second World War. The monument uses the iconography typically used in churches and for the Virgin Mary and Child: an adult with a picture of a child, usually only the upper body, on the stomach. Here the adult is male and the child is shown full length. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010328162500

Overlooking the banks of the river Dnipro in Kaniv. In the photo is Elena Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403145934

The monument to Taras Shevchenko, the most famous poet of Ukraine. He died on Russian territory and his remains were eventually moved to Ukraine and buried here, the location that he considered the most beautiful spot in Ukraine. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403150619

A house that is supposed to be a replica of the one in which Taras Shevchenko, Ukraine's most famous poet, was born and grew up. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403151222

Picnic by the road, a typical weekend pastime. In the photo are Elena and Leonid Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403151832

This is a mixed village. Part of it is indigenous residents, and part is made up of people who resettled from the Chornobyl region. The ones here are from the village of Burlivka. Pictured in the photo is Kateryna Pavlivna Vashchenko, DOB 1922. She is one of the resettled people from Chornobyl. She was an informant on the life cycle and some of the yearly cycle, specifically the three "dedy" which come in November. These are days when the deceased ancestors are supposed to return. She also does babuvannia, which here means that she takes care of sick children and people in general. She has assorted scraps of papers with incantations. She calls these prayers. Because she sees these as prayers, she is quite willing recite them for us, to teach us how to pray properly and when. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010129122216

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region (the village of Burlivka). Pictured is Kateryna Pavlivna Vashchenko, DOB 1922. She is one of the resettled people from Chornobyl. She acted as an informant on the life cycle and some yearly cycle. She also does babuvannia, which here means that she takes care of sick children and people in general. Here she is explaining the various prayers and methods of praying. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010129124028

This is a mixed village comprised of indigenous residents and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Kateryna Pavlivna Vashchenko, DOB 1922. She is one of the resettled people from Chornobyl. She was an informant on the life cycle and some of the yearly cycle. She also does babuvannia, which here means that she takes care of sick children and people in general. She will perform incantations over people who are not really ill, but just mildly distressed - to help them feel better. She did one such incantation for me and here is doing one over Natalia Havryliuk, folklorist and member of the Ryl's'kyi Folklore Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205111751

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is a view of the roads between the Chornobyl and indigenous sections of the village. The houses in the Chornobyl area are pre-fabricated and not very attractive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205112959

This is a mixed village comprised of indigenous members and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured are village roads and the cows coming home from pasture in the early evening. They will be milked and put in barns for the night. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205113656

This is a mixed village, comprised of indigenous people and people resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Mariia Petrivna Onykienko, DOB 1930. She is originally from the Chornobyl region, born in the village of Ilintsy and married into the village of Burlivka. She tells about life cycle ritual. She does the ritual of the babina kasha, or midwife's porridge at baptism. She does not perform the function of a midwife, because these are not used anymore, but she does bake a kasha which is brought to the baptism. The pot in which the kasha was baked must be broken and the kasha retain its shape. She then becomes baba (grandmother) to the children for whom she performed this ritual. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205115800

This is a mixed village comprised of indigenous people and people resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Mariia Petrivna Onykienko, DOB 1930. She tells about life cycle, especially baptism. Seated with her is Nataliia Havryliuk, folklorist and member of the Ryl's'kyi Folklore Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205121926

This is a mixed village of indigenous people and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is the home of Mariia Petrivna Onykienko, with a neighbor who stopped by to visit. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205124037

This is a mixed village of indigenous people and people resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923, one of the indigenous residents. She was an informant on life cycle ritual, and on some material culture. She gave me a shirt made completely by her mother, who grew the hemp, threshed and carded it, spun it, wove it, and sewed the piece. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205125156

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people who were resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is one of the indigenous residents of the village and was on informant on life cycle ritual and some material culture. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205130920

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people who were resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is one of the indigenous residents and served as an informant on life cycle ritual and some material culture. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205131658

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people who were resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. This is the home of Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923, and pictured is her neighbor, Evdokiia Semenivna Klokun, DOB 1916. She was an informant on life cycle ritual. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205132629

This is a village of mixed indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923, one of the indigenous residents. She is showing Nataliia Havryliuk, Kyiv folklorist, some of the contents of her funeral bundle. Here she shows the cross that goes around the deceased's neck, the one that is placed in the hands, and the passport (prokhidna). Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010219154931

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is showing some of the contents of her funeral bundle to Nataliia Havryliuk, Kyiv folklorist. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010219160039

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is showing some of the contents of her funeral bundle. Here is the kerchief that every married woman must have. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010219161053

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950. Nataliia Havryliuk, folklorist, Ryl's'kyi Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, holds up a traditional skirt (spidnytsia) belonging to Lidiia Mykolaivna. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129161651

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950. Nataliia Havryliuk, folklorist, Ryl's'kyi Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and Lidiia Mykolaivna demonstrate more traditional clothing. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129162737

Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950, being shy. She is an informant on life cycle topics. She is also a member of a group interested in local folk music that gets together and performs. On occasion, they get invited to perform in big cities. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129163609

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950. She is showing a folk instrument in her possession. This is a set of wooden sticks on a string. The string is pulled and the sticks clang together. This is a percussion instrument. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129164239

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950. She is showing a folk instrument in her possession. This is a rubalo, a stick used for "ironing" linens. The linen item is rolled around a round stick and then rubbed with the rubalo, which is flatter and has cut-in grooves or ridges. This method softens the linen and produces a nice drape. As a musical instrument, the ridges of the rubalo are rubbed with a stick to produce a sound. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129165317

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950. Another member of the group interested in local folk music: Skyrnyk, Tetiana Makarivna, DOB 1951. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129170023

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna. Pictured is the only male member of the group interested in local folk music: Solonyi, Mykhailo Mykhailovych, DOB 1938. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129170832

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950. Pictured is another member of the group interested in local folk music: Hubata, Halyna Afanasiivna, DOB 1950. She also has interesting jewelry: a blue eye charm which is called "the eye of God" and is supposed to ward off the evil eye. It is a piece of blue glass set in gold. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129171622

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950. The entire folk music group minus the hostess is pictured: Hubata, Halyna Afanasiivna, DOB 1950; Solonyi, Mykhailo Mykhailovych, DOB 1938; Skyrnyk, Tetiana Makarivna, DOB 1951, and Pylypenko, Halyna Makarivna, DOB 1948. In the middle of the room is a makytra (large ceramic pot) filled with varenyky (stuffed dumplings) with which this group greeted their guests. Here the guests are the photographer and Nataliia Havryliuk. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129172614

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950. A view of the group having finished eating and getting out their instruments in preparation for playing. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129173336

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950. The group in the middle of a performance. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129174043

Home of Udovenko, Lidiia Mykolaivna, DOB 1950. Solonyi, Mykhailo Mykhailovych, DOB 1938, shows how he plays his percussion instrument. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129174821

This is in one of the public schools. The teacher, Liubov' Prokopivna Naida, born in 1947, has an amateur interest in ethnography and collects examples of crafts. She also has a monetary interest in embroidery, which she collects to sell. Here are cloth manufacture items on display in her classroom: a spinning wheel and the comb used for carding flax. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010131143600

Liubov' Prokopivna Naida, born in 1947, in her home. Decorative rug on the wall. In this area, pillows are embroidered on the ends. These were done by Liuba Naida herself. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010131150653

On the road to selo Svitylne, Brovarivs'kyi raion, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201152905

On the road to selo Svitylne, Brovarivs'kyi raion, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201153533

A horse-drawn wagon. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201154122

The village head (holova sil'rady), Diachenko, Iurii Konstantynovych, DOB1961, inside a municipal building. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201155012

The remnants of an iron-age fort in selo Svitylne, Brovarivs'kyi raion, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201155632

Home of Pavlenko, Pavlo Trykhonovych, DOB 1930. A view showing the yard, the exterior of the house, and the storage area. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201160422

Home of Pavlenko, Pavlo Trykhonovych, DOB 1930. A view of the yard, showing a komora or traditional cellar for storing root crops, cabbage, canned goods. The komora entrance is on the right and it is quite ornate and fancy. A huge modern garage is on the left. A garage, especially one of this size is not typical of village homes. However, most people who do have cars, or have relatives with cars who come to visit, keep their cars in garages for fear of theft. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201161249

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, performer, artist, bandura player, composer, playing outside the Lavra in Kyiv. His performance venue is becoming more and more restricted. At the time of this photo, he was allowed to sing only in an area outside the main grounds of the Lavra. He claims this is because the Lavra has been turned over to the Russian Orthodox Church which is not favorably disposed to Ukrainian performers. Another problem is that minstrels are again seen as beggars of sorts. In this picture, next to Suprun stands a gypsy girl who is, in fact, a beggar. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205122430

A young couple courting outside the Lavra. The Lavra is the cave monastery and one of the holiest places in Ukraine. Relics of monks who lived and died there are on display. This was true during the Soviet period. The relics and the place as a whole are a destination for pilgrims and other devout people. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205123231

Gypsy children outside the Lavra. Because the Lavra is a holy place and people go there on pilgrimages, they are considered especially favorably disposed toward the poor and likely to give alms. Children beg there, as do cripples. Gypsy children also beg in the center of the city. Some people claim that guilds of beggars, like those of old, have been revived and that they gather to divide territory, assigning places where each will beg. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205124019

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, performer, artist, bandura player, composer, playing outside the Lavra in Kyiv. Next to him is a man from L'viv who was enraptured by his performance. Bandura players are more characteristic of the area of Ukraine which corresponds to the former Hetmante, the regions of Kyiv, Chernihiv, Poltava. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205124621

A big rynok or market in the Podol region, the area at the bottom of the hill near the river that had once been the dwelling place of shippers and merchants. People throng the streets examining merchandise. Villagers will bring their produce to such markets to sell, if they can afford to do so. Village wares and produce fetch better prices in cities. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205125432

A big rynok or market in the Podol region. A woman is selling baked goods. Her featured item is a very fancy wedding bread or korovai. The different color decoration is made with unleavened dough. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205130017

A big rynok or market in the Podol region. A village woman is using a bench to display her brooms. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205130533

A big market or rynok in the Podol region. Oleksandr Ivanovych Petrovs'ki, secretary of the International Association for Ukrainian Studies. Before his retirement, he was a member of the Institute of Literature of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205131248

People shopping in a big market or rynok in the Podol region. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205131834

An architectural monument near a big rynok or market in the Podol region. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205132330

A big rynok or market in the Podol region. Off the back of trucks people who work in sugar factories sell huge, 40 kilo sacks of sugar. They were being paid in these rather than cash and, those who could, brought them to the city to sell. Those who could not find transportation were selling bags like this by the roadside. They charged a lower price. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205133314

Handmade baskets for sale in a big rynok or market in the Podol region. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010205133809

Looking up Andrievs'kyi uzviz, a steep street that connects the upper and lower parts of Kyiv. This area becomes a market on holidays and weekends for crafts, antiques, and various village wares. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206152412

A view of St. Andrew's cathedral at the top of Andrievs'kyi uzviz. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206153132

A woman selling wedding and other towels (rushnyky) on Andrievs'kyi uzviz. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206153638

A view of St. Michael's Square. The bell tower is under construction. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206154222

Heading away from St. Michael's Square down Volodymyrs'kyi prospect. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206155021

A fancy wedding salon near the ZAGS in Kyiv. Assorted wedding dresses are on display. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206155652

Assorted wedding dresses on display in a fancy wedding salon near the ZAGS in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206162157

Wedding attire on display in a fancy wedding salon near the ZAGS in Kyiv. The red dress is also a wedding dress. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206162824

Veils, wedding towels (rushnyky), and icons on display in a fancy wedding salon near the ZAGS in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206163432

More dresses and wedding towels (rushnyky) in a fancy wedding salon near the ZAGS in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206164034

A triple wedding, two young couples and an older one, in St. Volodymyr Cathedral. The cathedral publishes a list of fees and a list of the items needed for a wedding. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206164730

A triple wedding, two young couples and an older one, in St. Volodymyr Cathedral. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206165255

A triple wedding, two young couples and one older, in St. Volodymyr Cathedral. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010206165924

A triple wedding, two young couples and an older one, in St. Volodymyr Cathedral. One of the young couples has been given their wedding icons draped in rushnyky and is being led around the altar. The wedding ceremony for the older couple was much simpler. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010209101046

A triple wedding, two young couples and one older one, at St. Volodymyr Cathedral. Outside the cathedral. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010209101837

A triple wedding, two young couples and one older one, at St. Volodymyr Cathedral. Outside the cathedral. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010209102445

A sighted minstrel performs on the grounds of St. Sophia Cathedral. He tries to earn money for his performance by selling recordings and various paraphernalia. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010209103015

A sighted minstrel performs on the grounds of St. Sophia Cathedral. He tries to earn money for his performance by selling recordings and various paraphernalia. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010209103802

Saint Sophia Cathedral Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010209104323

Contemporary wedding towels made by Halyna Vasylivna Kapas'. The central towel is the one on which the couple stands when they take their vows. The two towels at the sides are used for holding the icons with which the couple is blessed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010214155115

A contemporary Christmas rushnyk made by Halyna Vasylivna Kapas'. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010214161204

On the road between Kyiv and Bilatserkva, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010219161919

On the road between Kyiv and Bilatserkva, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010219162836

On the road between Kyiv and Bilatserkva, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010219163544

On the road between Kyiv and Bilatserkva, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010219163745

The Taras Shevchenko park. Men play chess outdoors in all kinds of weather and virtually all year-round. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220155844

The Taras Shevchenko park. A view of one of the walk-ways. In the background is the statue of Taras Shevchenko, perhaps Ukraine's greatest and most famous poet. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220160552

Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiv. The photograph shows Volodymyr Fed'ko, a professional photographer, in front of one of the trolleys that serve as public transportation. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220161231

A cafe. In the Soviet period, cafes were built so as not to encourage either lingering and relaxing or social interaction. Note that there are no seats. One buys the food that one wants, puts the bags one is invariably carrying on the shelf that is under each table, eats one's food and gets back to work. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220162022

A view of a particularly fancy residential building on one of the side streets near the center of the city. In the post-Soviet period, this area has become a prime and extremely high-priced residential and commercial district. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220162739

A view down Khreshchatyk, the main street of Kyiv. Note the rather drab retail establishments. The area looks very different now and the stores are large and colorful. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220163410

Front view of the University of Kyiv, the red campus. Supposedly the radical students supporting the Soviet Socialist Revolution painted the main buildings of the University red to express their political sentiments. The red campus has stayed red ever since. The rest of the university is painted a more discreet yellow/beige, like many of the buildings in the center of the city. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220164155

A classroom of folklore students at the University of Kyiv. Note that the students do not have individual desks, but sit in pairs. This can be viewed as another expression of the group or communal orientation of this part of the world. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220164739

Lydia Dunaevs'ka, a professor of folklore at the University of Kyiv, in her office. Her specialty is folktale. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220165458

At the dedication of a new building on the outskirts of Kyiv. Modified versions of the rituals for blessing a new building and insuring that its house spirit was properly welcomed were practiced in the Soviet period. At the dedication of a new building, city and other officials gave speeches, as in the photograph here. Various amateur performing groups, such as the one to which Natalie Kononenko belonged, were invited to sing and dance to properly "open" the building. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220170252

A view of the Mother/Fatherland statue (Batkivshchyna Maty) erected to commemorate the soldiers killed in the Second World War. Most large cities have a statue of this sort. It is always female and represents the homeland. The one in Kyiv was particularly controversial because it was built near the Lavra, the sacred and much revered Cave Monastery, and also because it was built on what was considered the "bald" or witches' mountain of the area. There was protest that the sword of the statue extended higher than any of the cupolas of the Cave Monastery and the sword was apparently cut to quell public protest. Many urban legends that imply that the statue was cursed circulated during the late Soviet era. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010220171712

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. The view here is of the large square or open area leading up to the museum under the statue. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010226140436

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. The view here is up the hillside toward the statue. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010226141610

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. The view here is of the park near the statue. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010226142851

Statues of the Scythian period, removed from kurgans or found in the steppe and brought to Kyiv. These are on display in the park near the grounds of St. Sophia. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010226143918

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. The view here is of the large square or open area leading up to the museum under the statue. Because this is a statue commemorating war dead, it is popular with enlisted men. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010226144609

A view from the top of the Cave Monastery or Lavra. In the foreground are the many smaller churches on the Lavra grounds. In the background is the Mother/Fatherland statue or Batkivshchyna Maty Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010226145504

Statues of the Scythian period, removed from kurgans or found in the steppe and brought to Kyiv. These are on display in the park near the grounds of St. Sophia. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010226150253

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. The view here is of the park near the statue. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010226150900

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. In back of the statue is a substantial collection of military hardware which is on display in outdoor museum form. In the base of the statue is a museum to the men who have died in battle, showing various personal items, memorabilia. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010226151810

A view of the grounds of the Lavra, or Cave Monastery, in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010227153212

A view from the Lavra, or Cave Monastery, showing the tops or cupolas of several of the smaller churches on the grounds. The Cave Monastery stands on top of a mountain overlooking the Dnipro (Dnieper) River. The river and one of its bridges are visible to the left. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010227160500

A view of the Dnipro (Dnieper) River and of the Left Bank of Kyiv. As Kyiv grew, it expanded not only inland from the first settlements on the river banks, but also to the areas across the river. At one point, this area was a separate municipality called Darnytsia. Now it is a subdivision of Kyiv characterized by large, modern apartment buildings. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010227161903

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. The river end of Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiv, is decorated in celebration of the big event. Marx, Engels, and Lenin are on the building to the right. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010227162629

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. The main post office in Kyiv, on the corner of Khreshchatyk and what was then October Square (Zhovtneva Ploshcha) and later became Independence Square (Ploshcha Nezalezhnosti). On the post office itself is a banner reading "Lenin and October." A smaller banner reads "perebudova - pryskorennia," meaning "Let's speed up Perestroika." Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010227164137

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. The building of the Philharmonic in Kyiv with portraits of members of the Politburo. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010227164812

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. October Square (Zhovtneva Ploshcha), later Independence Square (Ploshcha Nezalezhnosti), with banners supporting both Soviet ideals and Perestroika. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010227165617

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. The buildings at the back of October Square (Zhovtneva Ploshcha), later Independence Square (Ploshcha Nezalezhnosti), with banners showing the current date and the date of the Soviet Revolution. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010227170343

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. A view of the parade that took place down Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiv, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Revolution. Seen are some of the spectators and one of the many pieces of military equipment which took part in the parade. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010227171355

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. In back of the statue is a substantial collection of military hardware which is on display in outdoor museum form Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301130447

One of the Scythian statues called kamiany baby (stone old women) on display in the outdoor museum near the Lavra or Cave Monastery. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301131458

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiv. People gather to have their fruit blessed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301132212

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiv. The fruit is brought in baskets and laid out on kerchiefs, khustky, or ritual towels, rushnyky. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301132921

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiv. People awaiting the church procession. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301133625

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiv . The crowds gathered for the blessing and the church procession in the background. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301134448

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiv. The church procession. A young monk (chernets, because he is dressed all in black) walks in front. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301135136

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiv. The chief priest, probably the archbishop of Ukraine. A monk holds a bucket of holy water for him and he dips in a feather brush and sprays the holy water on all those present and on the fruit. People try to get the holy water on themselves, not just on their fruit. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301135724

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, performs in a folklore classroom at the University of Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301143907

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, performs in a folklore classroom at the University of Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301144328

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, performs in his apartment; to the left is his wife Nadiia Mykolaivna. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301144804

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, in his apartment. He is showing his musical instrument, the very unusual, asymmetrical bandura, to Gregory Holloway. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010301145327

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, blind minstrel, in his apartment with his blind wife, Nadiia Mykolaivna. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306144601

Nadiia Mykolaivna Suprun in her apartment. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306145521

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, blind minstrel, in his apartment. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306150544

Mykola Lytvyn, part-time minstrel, not blind, performing for the interviewer in a Soviet "house of friendship." Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306151506

Mykola Lytvyn, part-time minstrel, not blind, performing for he interviewer in a Soviet "house of friendship." Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306152443

Mykola Lytvyn, part-time minstrel, not blind, in a public performance featuring an assortment of artists, held at the Writers' Union. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306153719

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. A view of the parade that took place down Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiv, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Revolution. Seen are some of the spectators and one of the many pieces of military equipment which took part in the parade. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306154220

A social event held in conjunction with the first meeting of the International Association for Ukrainian Studies. This is a major event because it was a breakthrough in scholarly contact between post-Soviet scholars and their Western colleagues. A minstrel performance was held in conjunction with the event. Performing here is a bandura player who was conservatory-trained and uses a more Western technique and musical style. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306155043

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. A view of the parade that took place down Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiv, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Revolution. Seen are some of the spectators and one of the many pieces of military equipment which took part in the parade. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306155109

A social event held in conjunction with the first meeting of the International Association for Ukrainian Studies. Performing is an unknown young bandurist. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306155641

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. A view of Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiv, and some of the decorations used to mark the parade route. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306155847

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. A view of the parade that took place down Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiv, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Revolution. Seen are some of the spectators and one of the many pieces of military equipment which took part in the parade. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306160536

A social event held in conjunction with the first meeting of the International Association for Ukrainian Studies. Andrii Lytvyn, bandura player and kobzar (minstrel) talks to Andrii Hornjatkevych, folklorist and linguist from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306160846

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. Students from the University of Kyiv all decked out in identical red warm-up suits and pulling a float with an enormous portrait of Lenin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306161523

A social event held in conjunction with the first meeting of the International Association for Ukrainian Studies. Andrii Lytvyn, bandura player and kobzar (minstrel) performs for the assembled group. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306161638

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. Students from the University of Kyiv all decked out in identical red warm-up suits and carrying portraits of Ukrainian political leaders. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306162157

The museum that is part of the compound featuring folk housing, clothing, musical instruments, and other aspects of material and social culture. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010306162423

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. One of the workers collectives that took part in the parade commemorating the Revolution. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306162920

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. One of the workers collectives that took part in the parade commemorating the Revolution. Please note the yellow placard with its anti-war sentiments. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306163724

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. One of the amateur folklore collectives that marched in the parade commemorating the Revolution. All of the marchers are in ukraiins'ke, national dress. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306164516

A contemporary cafe, catering to the younger crowd. This differs radically from Soviet era cafes where patrons could not sit down and relax and socialize. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306165301

A contemporary cafe, catering to the younger crowd. Note the Marilyn Monroe pinup posters which would have been unthinkable during the Soviet era. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306165941

The apartment of Oleksandr Petrovs'kyi, retired member of the Academy of Sciences Literature Institute, Secretary of the International Association of Ukrainianists. Guests are always greeted with food. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306170556

A view of one of the Khrushcheby. These are relatively cheap apartments built quickly at Khrushchev's request to accommodate the growing population. After the destruction of the Second World War, there was a serious housing shortage in general. With increasing urbanization, housing problems in cities were particularly acute and Khrushchev responded by ordering cheap, prefabricated houses built, mostly on the Left Bank of the Dnipro (Dnieper) River in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010306171428

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel) specializing in the old style, hand-made bandura. He is pictured in his home. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010321154445

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel) specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010321155341

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel) specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010321160112

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010321160857

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010321161720

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010321162423

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010321163223

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured at home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010321163815

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured at home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010321164418

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010322121318

Hryhorii Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010322121916

Entertaining in the home of Alla Prokopenko. Seated left to right are Natalie Kononenko, Gregory Holloway, and Alla Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010326160228

The military museum next to the Lavra Monastery in Kyiv. The large female statue in the background on the left is the Motherland/Fatherland statue dedicated to soldiers fallen in the Second World War. Under it is a military museum and next to it, on the outside, is a showcase of large weapons, tanks, rockets, and so forth. There is a strong association between war and the sacred, an association that some religious people object to. Many churches were converted into war museums in the Soviet era. The military museum here is next to the Lavra Monastery, one of the most sacred sites in Ukraine. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010326161404

An apartment building on the left bank of the Dnipro, one of the so-called Khrushcheby, pre-fabricated buildings mass produced in the 1950's to take care of the enormous housing shortage created by the destruction of the Second World War and the influx of rural population into the cities. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010326162309

A large-caliber weapon on the grounds of the military museum next to the Lavra Monastery. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010326162910

Surrounded by tanks and a helicopter at the military museum next to the Lavra Monastery. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010326163602

On top of the clock tower in the Lavra Monastery. In the photo are Greg Holloway and Natalie Kononenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010326164249

On top of the clock tower in the Lavra Monastery. In the photo are Elena Prokopenko, Greg Holloway and Leonid Prokopenko. In the background, left, is the statue to the Second World War, the Batkivshchyna Maty. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010327153840

In a modern apartment. In the photo are Greg Holloway and Elena Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010327154530

In a modern apartment, using a stationary bike. In the photo are Greg Holloway and Oleksii Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010327155318

At the Lavra Monastery. The group is celebrating Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit. The church procession, headed by monks in black carrying church banners, makes its way through the crowd. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010327160100

Inside the Lavra Monastery. A view of the main gate and its icons from the inside. To the right are buildings which once served as dormitories and office space and now house museums. In the photo are Elena Prokopenko, Greg Holloway, and Natalie Kononenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010327160923

At the home of Hryhorii Nud'ha, folklorist and writer. With him is Gregory Holloway. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010327161554

A modern wedding, that of Oleksii and Elena Prokopenko. Here the couple stands on a ritual towel or rushnyk and the bride places a wedding ring on the groom's finger. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010328163033

A modern wedding, that of Oleksii and Elena Prokopenko. Here the couple signs the wedding contract inside the Central Wedding Palace in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010328163900

Entertaining in the home of Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, and his wife Nadiia Mykolaivna. Seated left to right are Gregory Holloway, Natalie Kononenko, Pavlo Suprun, and Nadiia Suprun. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010401161931

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, and his wife Nadiia Mykolaivna in their apartment in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010401163545

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, and his wife Nadiia Mykolaivna in their apartment in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010401164302

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, shows how he reads Braille. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010403144410

The biggest McDonald's in Kyiv. This one is located in down-town, near one of the largest Metro stops on the main street - Khreshchatyk. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010403152548

One of the churches on the outskirts of the city in the process of being restored. Many churches were used for other than religious purposes during the Soviet era. Some were turned into war museums. Others were used for intentionally disrespectful purposes, such as to store animal feed. Almost all have not been turned over to churches of various affiliations (almost all are Orthodox, but some are affiliated with the Moscow Patriarchate and some are Ukrainian) and are now being restored. This one is near completion. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010403153345

The outdoor museum showing folk material culture of all of the regions of Ukraine. It is on the outskirts of Kyiv in what used to be the village Pirogovo. In the picture are a typical traditional house with white-washed walls and thatched roof and the adjacent barn. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010403153940

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. A view across the fields showing a traditional house to the left and one of the wooden churches in the center, background. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010403154503

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. A close-up of one of the houses. Note the thatched roof, the whitewash over logs which forms the walls, the decorations around the windows. Note also the zavalenka, the clay ledge or stoop that goes around the house and has the architectural purpose of support. It is typically used as a bench. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407114328

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. One of the wooden windmills. This type rotates at the base; the wooden part can be rotated relative to the stone base that supports the mill. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407115350

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. An amateur group getting ready to perform "folklore", meaning a reenactment of a village ritual. Some groups are from villages and others are from the city. They were supposed to act as ethnographers, gathering folklore data and then presenting it to the public in venues equivalent to American folk festivals. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407120505

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. Lydiia Orel, deputy director, is to the right. Next to her is a member of an amateur group come to perform at one of the many festivals held on the museum grounds. The group member holds a bread on a ritual towel or rushnyk of the Krolovets type. This is the way bread is held when greeting guests. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407121801

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. An amateur group reenacting a village wedding. They are supposed to be members of the groom's party arriving at the home of the bride. The woman with the bread is playing the svakha. The man in blue pants portrays the groom. The two men in red are supposed to be the starosty. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407124404

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. An amateur group reenacting a village wedding. The table will be the place where the bride and groom sit after he has "bought" her hand in marriage. The women are part of the amateur group which will do most of the singing of ritual songs. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407125612

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. Assorted baskets and other storage utensils on display on the grounds of the museum. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407132303

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. An amateur group reenacting a village wedding. They sing some of the songs traditionally performed by the friends of the bride. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407134925

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. Inside one of the house displays at the museum. Note the stove and sleeping bench. On the stove are cooking utensils, including the double-handled pot. In one side is supposed to go borshch. In the other side goes porridge or kasha. The two together make a complete meal. The area above the stove is used for storage and clothes hang on a pole. To the right, near the ceiling, herbs are hung to dry and to perfume the house. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407135902

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. Inside one of the houses. The photo shows the icon corner, with the table beneath the icons. The icons are draped in rushnyky, most of the Chernihiv type, though the one on the furthest right is of the Poltava type. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407140753

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. Inside one of the houses. The photo shows the icon corner with the table beneath the icons. Icons are draped in rushnyky or ritual towels. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010407141510

Some of the older graves in one of the central cemeteries. The crosses are metal with placards. Older graves tended to be neglected during the Soviet era and the lettering has worn off the placards. Many are interested in restoring the old crosses with their inscriptions and identifying the relatives buried beneath the old metal crosses. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010409154522

A cemetery in central Kyiv. The grave of a man who died young and violently. He was killed in a motorcycle accident. The grave marker is stone and has an engraving of the young man made after a photograph of him provided by the parents. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010409155215

A cemetery in central Kyiv. Two relatively recent stone grave markers. This family has tended to avoid the typical Soviet era stone slab with a slanted top. The grave markers are for two sisters. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010409160023

A cemetery in central Kyiv. Grave markers for a husband and wife who lie here side-by-side, as they did in life. Next to them is the husband's sister, a nurse. Her husband, from what the family knows, was buried in Moscow. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010409160637

A cemetery in central Kyiv. Looking down from the cemetery onto the city. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010409161302

A family portrait in a typical city apartment. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010409161934

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Olesia Iuriivna Britsyna, conference organizer and deputy director of the Ryl's'kyi Institute for Folklore, Ethnography and Ethnomusicology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010409163015

A view from the Lavra Monastery looking out over the hills of Kyiv and over to the statue commemorating the Second World War, the Batkivshchyna Maty. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010409163853

A view from the Lavra Monastery looking out over the hills of Kyiv and the Dnipro River. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010409164443

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Natalie Kononenko with other conference participants in the background. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410153403

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Hanna Chumachenko, deputy director of the Kherson branch of the Institute for Folklore, Ethnography and Ethnomusicology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410154045

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Pictured are conference participants outside the meeting hall. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410154845

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Pictured are Natalie Kononenko, Oleksandr Kostiuk, Kiril Chistov, and Sofia Hrytsa. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410160008

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Pictured are Natalie Kononenko and Oleksandr Kostiuk. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410160800

A view from the Lavra Monastery looking out over the hills of Kyiv and the other churches in the Lavra Monastery complex. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410161528

Participants from the conference on oral literature and the formula on the platform at the top of the Lavra Monastery. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410162207

Inside the Lavra Monastery. A view of the main church, not yet restored, and the restored buildings in the background, including the dining hall or Trapeza and one of the churches. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410162920

Inside the Lavra Monastery. The buildings near the entrance, once used as dormitories and administrative buildings, they now house museums. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410163549

Inside the Lavra Monastery. A view of the main gate from the inside. Note the icons on the structure. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410164202

Inside the Lavra Monastery. Hanna Chumachenko, Deputy Director of the Kherson branch of the Institute for Folklore, Ethnography and Ethnomusicology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010410164838

Inside the Lavra Monastery, in one of the museums now housed on the premises. In the photo are Raisa Husak, an ethnomusicologist, and Natalie Kononenko. On the wall are folk instruments in the Lavra's permanent collection, from left to right they are a bandura, a lira and a torban. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010416120850

Inside the Lavra Monastery, in the Ethnomusicology Museum. In the photo are Raisa Husak, an ethnomusicologist, and Leonid Cherkas'kyi, the director of the Lavra Ethnomusicology Museum. Leonid Cherkas'kyi is demonstrating a lira. On the wall are various types of bandury. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010416122211

Inside the Lavra Monastery, in the Ethnomusicology Museum. Leonid Cherkas'kyi, the director of the Lavra Ethnomusicology Museum, is demonstrating a lira to Natalie Kononenko. On the wall are various types of traditional bandury and also rushnyky. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010416123018

Inside the Lavra Monastery, in the Ethnomusicology Museum. Leonid Cherkas'kyi, the director of the Lavra Ethnomusicology Museum, is demonstrating the technique of playing a lira. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010416124050

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Mykola Budnyk, a modern minstrel who also makes his own traditional style bandury, plays for he conference participants. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010416124845

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Mykola Budnyk, a modern minstrel who also makes his own traditional style bandury, plays for the conference participants. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010416125637

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Pavlo Suprun, a blind minstrel, plays for the conference participants. Behind him are Sofia Hrytsa and Mykola Paziak. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010416130346

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Pavlo Suprun, a blind minstrel, plays for the conference participants. Behind him are Sofia Hrytsa and Mykola Paziak. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010416131229

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, performer and informant, outside his apartment building. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010501200357

A street scene in the Moskovskii raion with a bar. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010501201012

Nadiia Mykolaivna Suprun, informant, in her apartment. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010501201525

Nadiia Mykolaivna Suprun, informant, in her apartment. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii010501202052

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0224

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. Pictured here are street vendors: one man is wearing his traditional Ukrainian shirt for the occasion. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0225

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. Pictured here is a makeshift stage set up for a pop music concert. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0226

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. Khreshchatyk, the main street, is turned into a pedestrian mall. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0227

Examples of urban pop culture and interesting store signs. The "VD one" sign is advertising a shoe store. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0228

A street scene: cafes such as this are a new phenomenon. Note the advertising slogans, advertising both imported Coke and a local Obolon' beer, as well as the touch of local Ukrainian culture in the rushnyk on the table in the back. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0229

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. In front of the Conservatory on Khreshchatyk, the main street, races will be held and people are gathering to see the competition. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0230

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. At the races, including a wheelchair. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0231

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. Pictured here is the Bessarabs'kyi rynok, THE center of private enterprise in Soviet times. During Soviet times, this was the place to buy produce directly from farmers. now, it is covered with ads for Fuji and other imported products. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0232

This photo was taken in order to showcase interesting store signs--this happens to be the folklorist's favorite peculiar sign. It also serves as an example of urban pop culture and the roll that immigrants, especially from the Middle East, play in the culture and the city life of Ukraine. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0233

Oleksandr Petrovs'kyi, a scholar and the Secretary of the International Association of Ukrainianists, formerly of the Academy of Sciences and Literature Institute. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0234

Natalia Havryliuk, a scholar and folklorist in the Academy of Sciences Folklore Institute in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0235

Nadiia Suprun, the wife of a blind minstrel and an informant about the life of the blind, as well as about contemporary legends. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0236

Pavlo Suprun, a blind minstrel and performer. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0237

Pavlo Suprun and Nadia Suprun, two informants and performers. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0238

Nadiia Mykolaivna Suprun, informant outside her apartment building. Nadiia Suprun is blind and offered information about the life of the blind as well as contemporary legends. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyiv0540

Soviet-type yearly cycle ritual. An impromptu Mother's Day "play" put on by kids in Natalie Kononenko's apartment building in the hallway outside her apartment. They set up a "stage" (the sheets used as curtains in the background) and "bleachers" (boards they had taken from a construction site and balanced on chairs). Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0462

Soviet-type yearly cycle ritual. An impromptu Mother's Day "play" put on by kids in Natalie Kononenko's apartment building in the hallway outside her apartment. They set up a "stage" (the sheets used as curtains in the background) and "bleachers" (boards they had taken from a construction site and balanced on chairs). Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0463

Soviet-type yearly cycle ritual. An impromptu Mother's Day "play" put on by kids in Natalie Kononenko's apartment building in the hallway outside her apartment. They set up a "stage" (the sheets used as curtains in the background) and "bleachers" (boards they had taken from a construction site and balanced on chairs). Here is the audience of mothers Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0464

Soviet-type yearly cycle ritual. An impromptu Mother's Day "play" put on by kids in Natalie Kononenko's apartment building in the hallway outside her apartment. They set up a "stage" (the sheets used as curtains in the background) and "bleachers" (boards they had taken from a construction site and balanced on chairs). This view shows both the children and their mothers. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiv. Kyii0465

The museum that is part of the compound featuring folk housing, clothing, musical instruments, and other aspects of material and social culture. Pictured here are traditional musical instruments - the bandura, the zither, and the violin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Pereiaslavs'kyi -- Pereiaslav-Khmel'nyts'kyi. Pere010321153653

In the school house at the seminary where the famous poet Hryhorii Skovoroda studied. The student benches are period pieces. The plaques on the walls are contemporary; they are part of museum display. The seminary and its grounds were converted into a museum in the Soviet era. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Pereiaslavs'kyi -- Pereiaslav-Khmel'nyts'kyi. Pere010403145213

The men carry out the coffin. They stopped at the doorway and lowered the coffin three times so that the deceased could say farewell to his home. They did not touch the coffin to the threshold. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010226150234

The men carry the coffin outside. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010226151043

The men raise the coffin onto the truck bed which has been covered with straw. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010226151739

This is a funeral. Again, this is a view of the coffin being raised onto the truck bed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416151344

This is a funeral. They position the coffin so that it is secure on top of the truck. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416152504

This is a funeral. They are securing the coffin atop the truck. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416152925

The procession for this funeral sets off. At the head of the procession is an icon draped with a rushnyk, then the coffin lid, then the truck carrying the coffin, then the pevcha and the priest, then relatives, and finally the rest of those attending the funeral. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416153403

The sister of the deceased and her daughter ride on top of the truck with the coffin. Several people said that the child should not have been made to ride with the body. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416154225

This is a funeral. The procession stops at a crossroads and the sister laments. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416155539

This is a funeral. The priest and the pevcha stand while the procession stops at the crossroads. When the procession stopped the priest would read a prayer and the pevcha would sing Our Father. The priest and the pevcha are from Dobranychivka. The two villages are so close that we easily walked from one to the other. The pevcha here did not have an independent ritual existence before the church was opened two years ago. If they gathered, it was to sing folk songs. They have learned religious verses in response to the founding of the church and the corresponding demands. They often complain about their lack of knowledge of the church service. It's possible they have been influenced by the priest who keeps complaining about the ignorance of the people. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416160532

The funeral procession continues after stopping at a crossroads. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416161107

The funeral procession stops outside the graveyard and the sister is helped off of the truck. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416162141

The coffin is removed from the truck. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416162508

This is a funeral. Mourners stand at the gravesite. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416162913

This is a funeral. They are preparing the rushnyky which will be used to lower the coffin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416163320

The funeral service at the graveside over the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416163858

This is a funeral. The rushnyky for lowering the coffin are tied on one side to the existing grave fencing. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416164524

Saying goodbye to the deceased at the graveside. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010523132321

Funeral. Inside the home during the funeral service. The name of the deceased is not known. He died in his fifties, was unmarried and tended towards excessive drinking, which is what killed him - or so they say. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0432

Funeral. The name of the deceased was not recorded. The coffin lid is prepared and waiting outdoors. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0433

Funeral. The men are waiting outside and keeping apart from all of the funeral stuff. Even men who had important functions in the ritual waited outside rather than attending the service. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0434

Funeral. Inside the home. The coffin is being lifted off the bench where the deceased had lain in state. It will be carried outside for another farewell. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0435

Funeral. The service is just about over and the men who will perform various functions get ready. They gather around the coffin lid. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0436

Funeral. The priest and most of the people attending the service come outside. They are looking at the door, waiting for the coffin to be carried out. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0437

This is a funeral. Relatives gather for the final farewell of the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0478

This is a funeral of a man who died relatively young and possibly as the result of excessive drinking. Here the relatives give the deceased a final kiss goodbye. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0479

This is a funeral and the body is at the grave site. The priest is reading the final service over the deceased. The man at the head of the coffin holds an icon in a rushnyk. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0480

This is a funeral and the final kiss of the deceased at the grave site. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0481

This is a funeral and the priest is concluding the service at the graveside. The men who help with the funeral are getting ready to cover the coffin with the coffin lid. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0482

This is a funeral of a man who died relatively young and possibly of excessive alcohol consumption. The men who help with the service are getting the coffin lid in place and the sealing of the coffin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0483

This is a funeral of a man who died relatively young and possibly of excessive alcohol consumption. The men who help with the funeral are lifting the coffin and getting ready to set it on the long rushnyky or clothes (to the left) which will be used to lower the coffin into the grave. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0484

This is a funeral and the coffin has been set on special cloths in order to lower it into the grave. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0485

This is a funeral and this is the lowering of the coffin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0486

This is a funeral and the folding of the special rushnyky used to lower the coffin Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0487

This is a funeral. The bundle is filled with cookies and candy that will be passed out to those attending the funeral. They are supposed to accept the treat and wish the deceased eternal rest. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0488

This is a funeral and the sealing of the grave. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0489

This is a funeral , the sealing of the grave in the background and the adjacent grave with flowers and a shot glass for leaving drinks of horilka (vodka) for the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0490

This is a funeral . The sealing of the grave in the background. In the foreground is an older grave, adjacent to the one being used for the funeral. The older grave as flowers and a shot glass for leaving drinks of horilka (vodka) for the deceased. Ukr